Shakespeare's Rape of Lucrece as the Essence of Historical Dramaturgy

During the recent blackout along the east coast of these infrastructure forlorn United States, I once again betook myself to sit down with that ponderous and forgotten volume of lore of the "complete" works of Shakespeare. So contrary to the hurly burly of deliberate destruction of the audience's attention span by the "mass media," I was transfixed for a few hours by a truly great work of art in the nearly lost English poetic language.

As any sentient being who reads this or better yet performs this poem is perforce aware of, the nature of a truthful work of art is that it is like a living holographic multi-faceted gestalt, whether that being would so call it or not.

Shakespeare here calls to the fore a society, Rome in this case, tragically driven mad by an ingrained flaw indissolubly interwoven in its very nature. As this flaw in the oligarchic misgovernance of Rome was laid bare by its poet laureate and Dante's avatar, Virgil, in the tale of Aeneas return from Hades by the ivory gate of falsehood. Likewise, as the British Empire imagined itself to be the new Roman Empire, the tragedy was in its stars. (Or for that matter, the tragicomic limning of the Spain of Cervantes...)

As I am your most obedient servant. do read it yourself:

The Rape of Lucrece 

TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE HENRY WRIOTHESLEY 
EARL OF SOUTHAMPTON AND BARON OF TICHFIELD. 

THE LOVE I dedicate to your lordship is without end; whereof this pamphlet, without beginning, is but a superfluous moiety. The warrant I have of your honourable disposition, not the worth of my untutored lines, makes it assured of acceptance. What I have done is yours; what I have to do is yours; being part in all I have, devoted yours. Were my worth greater, my duty would show greater; meantime, as it is, it is bound to your lordship, to whom I wish long life, still lengthened with all happiness.

Your lordship’s in all duty,        
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE.    

THE ARGUMENT

LUCIUS TARQUINIUS,—for his excessive pride surnamed Superbus,—after he had caused his own father-in-law, Servius Tullius, to be cruelly murdered, and contrary to the Roman laws and customs, not requiring or staying for the people’s suffrages, had possessed himself of the kingdom, went, accompanied with his sons and other noblemen of Rome, to besiege Ardea. During which siege the principal men of the army meeting one evening at the tent of Sextus Tarquinius, the king’s son, in their discourses after supper, every one commended the virtues of his own wife: among whom Collatinus extolled the incomparable chastity of his wife Lucretia. In that pleasant humour they all posted to Rome; and intending, by their secret and sudden arrival, to make trial of that which every one had before avouched, only Collatinus finds his wife—though it were late in the night—spinning amongst her maids: the other ladies were all found dancing and revelling, or in several disports. Whereupon the noblemen yielded Collatinus the victory, and his wife the fame. At that time Sextus Tarquinius, being inflamed with Lucrece’ beauty, yet smothering his passions for the present, departed with the rest back to the camp; from whence he shortly after privily withdrew himself, and was, according to his estate, royally entertained and lodged by Lucrece at Collatium. The same night he treacherously stealeth into her chamber, violently ravished her, and early in the morning speedeth away. Lucrece, in this lamentable plight, hastily dispatcheth messengers, one to Rome for her father, and another to the camp for Collatine. They came, the one accompanied with Junius Brutus, the other with Publius Valerius; and finding Lucrece attired in mourning habit, demanded the cause of her sorrow. She, first taking an oath of them for her revenge, revealed the actor, and the whole manner of his dealing, and withal suddenly stabbed herself. Which done, with one consent they all vowed to root out the whole hated family of the Tarquins; and, bearing the dead body to Rome, Brutus acquainted the people with the doer and manner of the vile deed, with a bitter invective against the tyranny of the king: wherewith the people were so moved, that with one consent and a general acclamation the Tarquins were all exiled, and the state government changed from kings to consuls.

FROM the besieged Ardea all in post,
Borne by the trustless wings of false desire,
Lust-breathed Tarquin leaves the Roman host,
And to Collatium bears the lightless fire
Which, in pale embers hid, lurks to aspire,	5
And girdle with embracing flames the waist
Of Collatine’s fair love, Lucrece the chaste.
Haply that name of chaste unhappily set
This bateless edge on his keen appetite;
When Collatine unwisely did not let	10
To praise the clear unmatched red and white
Which triumph’d in that sky of his delight,
Where mortal stars, as bright as heaven’s beauties,
With pure aspects did him peculiar duties.
For he the night before, in Tarquin’s tent,	15
Unlock’d the treasure of his happy state;
What priceless wealth the heavens had him lent
In the possession of his beauteous mate;
Reckoning his fortune at such high-proud rate,
That kings might be espoused to more fame,	20
But king nor peer to such a peerless dame.
O happiness enjoy’d but of a few!
And, if possess’d, as soon decay’d and done
As is the morning’s silver-melting dew
Against the golden splendour of the sun;	25
An expir’d date, cancell’d ere well begun:
Honour and beauty, in the owner’s arms,
Are weakly fortress’d from a world of harms.
Beauty itself doth of itself persuade
The eyes of men without an orator;	30
What needeth then apology be made
To set forth that which is so singular?
Or why is Collatine the publisher
Of that rich jewel he should keep unknown
From thievish ears, because it is his own?	35
Perchance his boast of Lucrece’ sovereignty
Suggested this proud issue of a king;
For by our ears our hearts oft tainted be:
Perchance that envy of so rich a thing,
Braving compare, disdainfully did sting	40
His high-pitch’d thoughts, that meaner men should vaunt
That golden hap which their superiors want.
But some untimely thought did instigate
His all-too-timeless speed, if none of those;
His honour, his affairs, his friends, his state,	45
Neglected all, with swift intent he goes
To quench the coal which in his liver glows.
O! rash false heat, wrapp’d in repentant cold,
Thy hasty spring still blasts, and ne’er grows old.
When at Collatium this false lord arriv’d,	50
Well was he welcom’d by the Roman dame,
Within whose face beauty and virtue striv’d
Which of them both should underprop her fame:
When virtue bragg’d, beauty would blush for shame;
When beauty boasted blushes, in despite	55
Virtue would stain that o’er with silver white.
But beauty, in that white intituled,
From Venus’ doves doth challenge that fair field;
Then virtue claims from beauty beauty’s red,
Which virtue gave the golden age to gild	60
Their silver cheeks, and call’d it then their shield;
Teaching them thus to use it in the fight,
When shame assail’d, the red should fence the white.
This heraldry in Lucrece’ face was seen,
Argu’d by beauty’s red and virtue’s white:	65
Of either’s colour was the other queen,
Proving from world’s minority their right:
Yet their ambition makes them still to fight;
The sovereignty of either being so great,
That oft they interchange each other’s seat.	70
Their silent war of lilies and of roses,
Which Tarquin view’d in her fair face’s field,
In their pure ranks his traitor eye encloses;
Where, lest between them both it should be kill’d,
The coward captive vanquished doth yield	75
To those two armies that would let him go,
Rather than triumph in so false a foe.
Now thinks he that her husband’s shallow tongue—
The niggard prodigal that prais’d her so—
In that high task hath done her beauty wrong,	80
Which far exceeds his barren skill to show:
Therefore that praise which Collatine doth owe
Enchanted Tarquin answers with surmise,
In silent wonder of still-gazing eyes.
This earthly saint, adored by this devil,	85
Little suspecteth the false worshipper;
For unstain’d thoughts do seldom dream on evil,
Birds never lim’d no secret bushes fear:
So guiltless she securely gives good cheer
And reverend welcome to her princely guest,	90
Whose inward ill no outward harm express’d:
For that he colour’d with his high estate,
Hiding base sin in plaits of majesty;
That nothing in him seem’d inordinate,
Save sometime too much wonder of his eye,	95
Which, having all, all could not satisfy;
But, poorly rich, so wanteth in his store,
That, cloy’d with much, he pineth still for more.
But she, that never cop’d with stranger eyes,
Could pick no meaning from their parling looks,	100
Nor read the subtle-shining secrecies
Writ in the glassy margents of such books:
She touch’d no unknown baits, nor fear’d no hooks;
Nor could she moralize his wanton sight,
More than his eyes were open’d to the light.	105
He stories to her ears her husband’s fame,
Won in the fields of fruitful Italy;
And decks with praises Collatine’s high name,
Made glorious by his manly chivalry
With bruised arms and wreaths of victory:	110
Her joy with heav’d-up hand she doth express,
And, wordless, so greets heaven for his success.
Far from the purpose of his coming thither,
He makes excuses for his being there:
No cloudy show of stormy blustering weather	115
Doth yet in this fair welkin once appear;
Till sable Night, mother of Dread and Fear,
Upon the world dim darkness doth display,
And in her vaulty prison stows the Day.
For then is Tarquin brought unto his bed,	120
Intending weariness with heavy spright;
For after supper long he questioned
With modest Lucrece, and wore out the night:
Now leaden slumber with life’s strength doth fight,
And every one to rest themselves betake,	125
Save thieves, and cares, and troubled minds, that wake.
As one of which doth Tarquin lie revolving
The sundry dangers of his will’s obtaining;
Yet ever to obtain his will resolving,
Though weak-built hopes persuade him to abstaining:	130
Despair to gain doth traffic oft for gaining;
And when great treasure is the meed propos’d,
Though death be adjunct, there ’s no death suppos’d.
Those that much covet are with gain so fond,
For what they have not, that which they possess	135
They scatter and unloose it from their bond,
And so, by hoping more, they have but less;
Or, gaining more, the profit of excess
Is but to surfeit, and such griefs sustain,
That they prove bankrupt in this poor-rich gain.	140
The aim of all is but to nurse the life
With honour, wealth, and ease, in waning age;
And in this aim there is such thwarting strife,
That one for all, or all for one we gage;
As life for honour in fell battles’ rage;	145
Honour for wealth; and oft that wealth doth cost
The death of all, and all together lost.
So that in venturing ill we leave to be
The things we are for that which we expect;
And this ambitious foul infirmity,	150
In having much, torments us with defect
Of that we have: so then we do neglect
The thing we have: and, all for want of wit,
Make something nothing by augmenting it.
Such hazard now must doting Tarquin make,	155
Pawning his honour to obtain his lust,
And for himself himself he must forsake:
Then where is truth, if there be no self-trust?
When shall he think to find a stranger just,
When he himself himself confounds, betrays	160
To slanderous tongues and wretched hateful days?
Now stole upon the time the dead of night,
When heavy sleep had clos’d up mortal eyes;
No comfortable star did lend his light,
No noise but owls’ and wolves’ death-boding cries;	165
Now serves the season that they may surprise
The silly lambs; pure thoughts are dead and still,
While lust and murder wake to stain and kill.
And now this lustful lord leap’d from his bed,
Throwing his mantle rudely o’er his arm;	170
Is madly toss’d between desire and dread;
Th’ one sweetly flatters, th’ other feareth harm;
But honest fear, bewitch’d with lust’s foul charm,
Doth too too oft betake him to retire,
Beaten away by brain-sick rude desire.	175
His falchion on a flint he softly smiteth,
That from the cold stone sparks of fire do fly;
Whereat a waxen torch forthwith he lighteth,
Which must be lode-star to his lustful eye;
And to the flame thus speaks advisedly:	180
‘As from this cold flint I enforc’d this fire,
So Lucrece must I force to my desire.’
Here pale with fear he doth premeditate
The dangers of his loathsome enterprise,
And in his inward mind he doth debate	185
What following sorrow may on this arise:
Then looking scornfully, he doth despise
His naked armour of still-slaughter’d lust,
And justly thus controls his thoughts unjust:
‘Fair torch, burn out thy light, and lend it not	190
To darken her whose light excelleth thine;
And die, unhallow’d thoughts, before you blot
With your uncleanness that which is divine;
Offer pure incense to so pure a shrine:
Let fair humanity abhor the deed	195
That spots and stains love’s modest snow-white weed.
‘O shame to knighthood and to shining arms!
O foul dishonour to my household’s grave!
O impious act, including all foul harms!
A martial man to be soft fancy’s slave!	200
True valour still a true respect should have;
Then my digression is so vile, so base,
That it will live engraven in my face.
‘Yea, though I die, the scandal will survive,
And be an eye-sore in my golden coat;	205
Some loathsome dash the herald will contrive,
To cipher me how fondly I did dote;
That my posterity sham’d with the note,
Shall curse my bones, and hold it for no sin
To wish that I their father had not been.	210
‘What win I if I gain the thing I seek?
A dream, a breath, a froth of fleeting joy.
Who buys a minute’s mirth to wail a week?
Or sells eternity to get a toy?
For one sweet grape who will the vine destroy?	215
Or what fond beggar, but to touch the crown,
Would with the sceptre straight be strucken down?
‘If Collatinus dream of my intent,
Will he not wake, and in a desperate rage
Post hither, this vile purpose to prevent?	220
This siege that hath engirt his marriage,
This blur to youth, this sorrow to the sage,
This dying virtue, this surviving shame,
Whose crime will bear an ever-during blame?
‘O! what excuse can my invention make,	225
When thou shalt charge me with so black a deed?
Will not my tongue be mute, my frail joints shake,
Mine eyes forego their light, my false heart bleed?
The guilt being great, the fear doth still exceed;
And extreme fear can neither fight nor fly,	230
But coward-like with trembling terror die.
‘Had Collatinus kill’d my son or sire,
Or lain in ambush to betray my life,
Or were he not my dear friend, this desire
Might have excuse to work upon his wife,	235
As in revenge or quittal of such strife:
But as he is my kinsman, my dear friend,
The shame and fault finds no excuse nor end.
‘Shameful it is; ay, if the fact be known:
Hateful it is; there is no hate in loving:	240
I ’ll beg her love; but she is not her own:
The worst is but denial and reproving:
My will is strong, past reason’s weak removing.
Who fears a sentence, or an old man’s saw,
Shall by a painted cloth be kept in awe.’	245
Thus, graceless, holds he disputation
’Tween frozen conscience and hot-burning will,
And with good thoughts makes dispensation,
Urging the worser sense for vantage still;
Which in a moment doth confound and kill	250
All pure effects, and doth so far proceed,
That what is vile shows like a virtuous deed.
Quoth he, ‘She took me kindly by the hand,
And gaz’d for tidings in my eager eyes,
Fearing some hard news from the war-like band	255
Where her beloved Collatinus lies.
O! how her fear did make her colour rise:
First red as roses that on lawn we lay,
Then white as lawn, the roses took away.
‘And how her hand, in my hand being lock’d,	260
Forc’d it to tremble with her loyal fear!
Which struck her sad, and then it faster rock’d,
Until her husband’s welfare she did hear;
Whereat she smiled with so sweet a cheer,
That had Narcissus seen her as she stood,	265
Self-love had never drown’d him in the flood.
‘Why hunt I then for colour or excuses?
All orators are dumb when beauty pleadeth;
Poor wretches have remorse in poor abuses;
Love thrives not in the heart that shadows dreadeth:	270
Affection is my captain, and he leadeth;
And when his gaudy banner is display’d,
The coward fights and will not be dismay’d.
‘Then, childish fear, avaunt! debating, die!
Respect and reason, wait on wrinkled age!	275
My heart shall never countermand mine eye:
Sad pause and deep regard beseem the sage;
My part is youth, and beats these from the stage.
Desire my pilot is, beauty my prize;
Then who fears sinking where such treasure lies?’	280
As corn o’ergrown by weeds, so heedful fear
Is almost chok’d by unresisted lust.
Away he steals with open listening ear,
Full of foul hope, and full of fond mistrust;
Both which, as servitors to the unjust,	285
So cross him with their opposite persuasion,
That now he vows a league, and now invasion.
Within his thought her heavenly image sits,
And in the self-same seat sits Collatine:
That eye which looks on her confounds his wits;	290
That eye which him beholds, as more divine,
Unto a view so false will not incline;
But with a pure appeal seeks to the heart,
Which once corrupted, takes the worser part;
And therein heartens up his servile powers,	295
Who, flatter’d by their leader’s jocund show,
Stuff up his lust, as minutes fill up hours;
And as their captain, so their pride doth grow,
Paying more slavish tribute than they owe.
By reprobate desire thus madly led,	300
The Roman lord marcheth to Lucrece’ bed.
The locks between her chamber and his will,
Each one by him enforc’d, retires his ward;
But as they open they all rate his ill,
Which drives the creeping thief to some regard:	305
The threshold grates the door to have him heard;
Night-wandering weasels shriek to see him there;
They fright him, yet he still pursues his fear.
As each unwilling portal yields him way,
Through little vents and crannies of the place	310
The wind wars with his torch to make him stay,
And blows the smoke of it into his face,
Extinguishing his conduct in this case;
But his hot heart, which fond desire doth scorch,
Puffs forth another wind that fires the torch:	315
And being lighted, by the light he spies
Lucretia’s glove, wherein her needle sticks:
He takes it from the rushes where it lies,
And griping it, the neeld his finger pricks;
As who should say, ‘This glove to wanton tricks	320
Is not inur’d; return again in haste;
Thou seest our mistress’ ornaments are chaste.’
But all these poor forbiddings could not stay him;
He in the worst sense construes their denial:
The doors, the wind, the glove, that did delay him,	325
He takes for accidental things of trial;
Or as those bars which stop the hourly dial,
Who with a ling’ring stay his course doth let,
Till every minute pays the hour his debt.
‘So, so,’ quoth he, ‘these lets attend the time,	330
Like little frosts that sometime threat the spring,
To add a more rejoicing to the prime,
And give the sneaped birds more cause to sing.
Pain pays the income of each precious thing;
Huge rocks, high winds, strong pirates, shelves and sands,	335
The merchant fears, ere rich at home he lands.’
Now is he come unto the chamber door,
That shuts him from the heaven of his thought,
Which with a yielding latch, and with no more,
Hath barr’d him from the blessed thing he sought.	340
So from himself impiety hath wrought,
That for his prey to pray he doth begin,
As if the heavens should countenance his sin.
But in the midst of his unfruitful prayer,
Having solicited the eternal power	345
That his foul thoughts might compass his fair fair,
And they would stand auspicious to the hour,
Even there he starts: quoth he, ‘I must deflower;
The powers to whom I pray abhor this fact,
How can they then assist me in the act?	350
‘Then Love and Fortune be my gods, my guide!
My will is back’d with resolution:
Thoughts are but dreams till their effects be tried;
The blackest sin is clear’d with absolution;
Against love’s fire fear’s frost hath dissolution.	355
The eye of heaven is out, and misty night
Covers the shame that follows sweet delight.’
This said, his guilty hand pluck’d up the latch,
And with his knee the door he opens wide.
The dove sleeps fast that this night-owl will catch:	360
Thus treason works ere traitors be espied.
Who sees the lurking serpent steps aside;
But she, sound sleeping, fearing no such thing,
Lies at the mercy of his mortal sting.
Into the chamber wickedly he stalks,	365
And gazeth on her yet unstained bed.
The curtains being close, about he walks,
Rolling his greedy eyeballs in his head:
By their high treason is his heart misled;
Which gives the watchword to his hand full soon,	370
To draw the cloud that hides the silver moon.
Look, as the fair and fiery-pointed sun,
Rushing from forth a cloud, bereaves our sight;
Even so, the curtain drawn, his eyes begun
To wink, being blinded with a greater light:	375
Whether it is that she reflects so bright,
That dazzleth them, or else some shame supposed,
But blind they are, and keep themselves enclosed.
O! had they in that darksome prison died,
Then had they seen the period of their ill;	380
Then Collatine again, by Lucrece’ side,
In his clear bed might have reposed still:
But they must ope, this blessed league to kill,
And holy-thoughted Lucrece to their sight
Must sell her joy, her life, her world’s delight.	385
Her lily hand her rosy cheek lies under,
Cozening the pillow of a lawful kiss;
Who, therefore angry, seems to part in sunder,
Swelling on either side to want his bliss;
Between whose hills her head entombed is:	390
Where, like a virtuous monument she lies,
To be admir’d of lewd unhallow’d eyes.
Without the bed her other fair hand was,
On the green coverlet; whose perfect white
Show’d like an April daisy on the grass,	395
With pearly sweat, resembling dew of night.
Her eyes, like marigolds, had sheath’d their light,
And canopied in darkness sweetly lay,
Till they might open to adorn the day.
Her hair, like golden threads, play’d with her breath;	400
O modest wantons! wanton modesty!
Showing life’s triumph in the map of death,
And death’s dim look in life’s mortality:
Each in her sleep themselves so beautify,
As if between them twain there were no strife,	405
But that life liv’d in death, and death in life.
Her breasts, like ivory globes circled with blue,
A pair of maiden worlds unconquered,
Save of their lord no bearing yoke they knew,
And him by oath they truly honoured.	410
These worlds in Tarquin new ambition bred;
Who, like a foul usurper, went about
From this fair throne to heave the owner out.
What could he see but mightily he noted?
What did he note but strongly he desir’d?	415
What he beheld, on that he firmly doted,
And in his will his wilful eye he tir’d.
With more than admiration he admir’d
Her azure veins, her alabaster skin,
Her coral lips, her snow-white dimpled chin.	420
As the grim lion fawneth o’er his prey,
Sharp hunger by the conquest satisfied,
So o’er this sleeping soul doth Tarquin stay,
His rage of lust by gazing qualified;
Slack’d, not suppress’d; for standing by her side,	425
His eye, which late this mutiny restrains,
Unto a greater uproar tempts his veins:
And they, like straggling slaves for pillage fighting,
Obdurate vassals fell exploits effecting,
In bloody death and ravishment delighting,	430
Nor children’s tears nor mothers’ groans respecting,
Swell in their pride, the onset still expecting:
Anon his beating heart, alarum striking,
Gives the hot charge and bids them do their liking.
His drumming heart cheers up his burning eye,	435
His eye commends the leading to his hand;
His hand, as proud of such a dignity,
Smoking with pride, march’d on to make his stand
On her bare breast, the heart of all her land;
Whose ranks of blue veins, as his hand did scale,	440
Left their round turrets destitute and pale.
They, mustering to the quiet cabinet
Where their dear governess and lady lies,
Do tell her she is dreadfully beset,
And fright her with confusion of their cries:	445
She, much amaz’d, breaks ope her lock’d-up eyes,
Who, peeping forth this tumult to behold,
Are by his flaming torch dimm’d and controll’d.
Imagine her as one in dead of night
From forth dull sleep by dreadful fancy waking,	450
That thinks she hath beheld some ghastly sprite,
Whose grim aspect sets every joint a-shaking;
What terror ’tis! but she, in worser taking,
From sleep disturbed, heedfully doth view
The sight which makes supposed terror true.	455
Wrapp’d and confounded in a thousand fears,
Like to a new-kill’d bird she trembling lies;
She dares not look; yet, winking, there appears
Quick-shifting antics, ugly in her eyes:
Such shadows are the weak brain’s forgeries;	460
Who, angry that the eyes fly from their lights,
In darkness daunts them with more dreadful sights.
His hand, that yet remains upon her breast,
Rude ram to batter such an ivory wall!
May feel her heart,—poor citizen,—distress’d	465
Wounding itself to death, rise up and fall,
Beating her bulk, that his hand shakes withal.
This moves in him more rage, and lesser pity,
To make the breach and enter this sweet city.
First, like a trumpet, doth his tongue begin	470
To sound a parley to his heartless foe;
Who o’er the white sheet peers her whiter chin,
The reason of this rash alarm to know,
Which he by dumb demeanour seeks to show;
But she with vehement prayers urgeth still	475
Under what colour he commits this ill.
Thus he replies: ‘The colour in thy face,—
That even for anger makes the lily pale,
And the red rose blush at her own disgrace,—
Shall plead for me and tell my loving tale;	480
Under that colour am I come to scale
Thy never-conquer’d fort: the fault is thine,
For those thine eyes betray thee unto mine.
‘Thus I forestall thee, if thou mean to chide:
Thy beauty hath ensnar’d thee to this night,	485
Where thou with patience must my will abide,
My will that marks thee for my earth’s delight,
Which I to conquer sought with all my might;
But as reproof and reason beat it dead,
By thy bright beauty was it newly bred.	490
‘I see what crosses my attempt will bring;
I know what thorns the growing rose defends;
I think the honey guarded with a sting;
All this, beforehand, counsel comprehends:
But will is deaf and hears no heedful friends;	495
Only he hath an eye to gaze on beauty,
And dotes on what he looks, ’gainst law or duty.
‘I have debated, even in my soul,
What wrong, what shame, what sorrow I shall breed;
But nothing can affection’s course control,	500
Or stop the headlong fury of his speed.
I know repentant tears ensue the deed,
Reproach, disdain, and deadly enmity;
Yet strike I to embrace mine infamy.’
This said, he shakes aloft his Roman blade,	505
Which like a falcon towering in the skies,
Coucheth the fowl below with his wings’ shade,
Whose crooked beak threats if he mount he dies:
So under his insulting falchion lies
Harmless Lucretia, marking what he tells	510
With trembling fear, as fowl hear falcon’s bells.
‘Lucrece,’ quoth he, ‘this night I must enjoy thee:
If thou deny, then force must work my way,
For in thy bed I purpose to destroy thee:
That done, some worthless slave of thine I ’ll slay,	515
To kill thine honour with thy life’s decay;
And in thy dead arms do I mean to place him,
Swearing I slew him, seeing thee embrace him.
‘So thy surviving husband shall remain
The scornful mark of every open eye;	520
Thy kinsmen hang their heads at this disdain,
Thy issue blurr’d with nameless bastardy:
And thou, the author of their obloquy,
Shalt have thy trespass cited up in rimes,
And sung by children in succeeding times.	525
‘But if thou yield, I rest thy secret friend:
The fault unknown is as a thought unacted;
A little harm done to a great good end,
For lawful policy remains enacted.
The poisonous simple sometimes is compacted	530
In a pure compound; being so applied,
His venom in effect is purified.
‘Then, for thy husband and thy children’s sake,
Tender my suit: bequeath not to their lot
The shame that from them no device can take,	535
The blemish that will never be forgot;
Worse than a slavish wipe or birth-hour’s blot:
For marks descried in men’s nativity
Are nature’s faults, not their own infamy.’
Here with a cockatrice’ dead-killing eye	540
He rouseth up himself, and makes a pause;
While she, the picture of pure piety,
Like a white hind under the gripe’s sharp claws,
Pleads in a wilderness where are no laws,
To the rough beast that knows no gentle right,	545
Nor aught obeys but his foul appetite.
But when a black-fac’d cloud the world doth threat,
In his dim mist the aspiring mountains hiding,
From earth’s dark womb some gentle gust doth get,
Which blows these pitchy vapours from their biding,	550
Hindering their present fall by this dividing;
So his unhallow’d haste her words delays,
And moody Pluto winks while Orpheus plays.
Yet, foul night-working cat, he doth but dally,
While in his hold-fast foot the weak mouse panteth:	555
Her sad behaviour feeds his vulture folly,
A swallowing gulf that even in plenty wanteth:
His ear her prayers admits, but his heart granteth
No penetrable entrance to her plaining:
Tears harden lust though marble wear with raining.	560
Her pity-pleading eyes are sadly fix’d
In the remorseless wrinkles of his face;
Her modest eloquence with sighs is mix’d,
Which to her oratory adds more grace.
She puts the period often from his place;	565
And midst the sentence so her accent breaks,
That twice she doth begin ere once she speaks.
She conjures him by high almighty Jove,
By knighthood, gentry, and sweet friendship’s oath,
By her untimely tears, her husband’s love,	570
By holy human law, and common troth,
By heaven and earth, and all the power of both,
That to his borrow’d bed he make retire,
And stoop to honour, not to foul desire.
Quoth she, ‘Reward not hospitality	575
With such black payment as thou hast pretended;
Mud not the fountain that gave drink to thee;
Mar not the thing that cannot be amended;
End thy ill aim before thy shoot be ended;
He is no woodman that doth bend his bow	580
To strike a poor unseasonable doe.
‘My husband is thy friend, for his sake spare me;
Thyself art mighty, for thine own sake leave me;
Myself a weakling, do not, then, ensnare me;
Thou look’dst not like deceit, do not deceive me.	585
My sighs, like whirlwinds, labour hence to heave thee;
If ever man were mov’d with woman’s moans,
Be moved with my tears, my sighs, my groans.
‘All which together, like a troubled ocean,
Beat at thy rocky and wrack-threatening heart,	590
To soften it with their continual motion;
For stones dissolv’d to water do convert.
O! if no harder than a stone thou art,
Melt at my tears, and be compassionate;
Soft pity enters at an iron gate.	595
‘In Tarquin’s likeness I did entertain thee;
Hast thou put on his shape to do him shame?
To all the host of heaven I complain me,
Thou wrong’st his honour, wound’st his princely name.
Thou art not what thou seem’st; and if the same,	600
Thou seem’st not what thou art, a god, a king;
For kings like gods should govern every thing.
‘How will thy shame be seeded in thine age,
When thus thy vices bud before thy spring!
If in thy hope thou dar’st do such outrage,	605
What dar’st thou not when once thou art a king?
O! be remembered no outrageous thing
From vassal actors can be wip’d away;
Then kings’ misdeeds cannot be hid in clay.
‘This deed will make thee only lov’d for fear;	610
But happy monarchs still are fear’d for love:
With foul offenders thou perforce must bear,
When they in thee the like offences prove:
If but for fear of this, thy will remove;
For princes are the glass, the school, the book,	615
Where subjects’ eyes do learn, do read, do look.
‘And wilt thou be the school where Lust shall learn?
Must he in thee read lectures of such shame?
Wilt thou be glass wherein it shall discern
Authority for sin, warrant for blame,	620
To privilege dishonour in thy name?
Thou back’st reproach against long-living laud,
And mak’st fair reputation but a bawd.
‘Hast thou command? by him that gave it thee,
From a pure heart command thy rebel will:	625
Draw not thy sword to guard iniquity,
For it was lent thee all that brood to kill.
Thy princely office how canst thou fulfill,
When, pattern’d by thy fault, foul sin may say,
He learn’d to sin, and thou didst teach the way?	630
‘Think but how vile a spectacle it were,
To view thy present trespass in another.
Men’s faults do seldom to themselves appear;
Their own transgressions partially they smother:
This guilt would seem death-worthy in thy brother.	635
O! how are they wrapp’d in with infamies
That from their own misdeeds askance their eyes.
‘To thee, to thee, my heav’d-up hands appeal,
Not to seducing lust, thy rash relier:
I sue for exil’d majesty’s repeal;	640
Let him return, and flattering thoughts retire:
His true respect will prison false desire,
And wipe the dim mist from thy doting eyne,
That thou shalt see thy state and pity mine.’
‘Have done,’ quoth he; ‘my uncontrolled tide	645
Turns not, but swells the higher by this let.
Small lights are soon blown out, huge fires abide,
And with the wind in greater fury fret:
The petty streams that pay a daily debt
To their salt sovereign, with their fresh falls’ haste	650
Add to his flow, but alter not his taste.’
‘Thou art,’ quoth she, ‘a sea, a sovereign king;
And lo! there falls into thy boundless flood
Black lust, dishonour, shame, misgoverning,
Who seek to stain the ocean of thy blood.	655
If all these petty ills shall change thy good,
Thy sea within a puddle’s womb is hears’d,
And not the puddle in thy sea dispers’d.
‘So shall these slaves be king, and thou their slave;
Thou nobly base, they basely dignified;	660
Thou their fair life, and they thy fouler grave;
Thou loathed in their shame, they in thy pride:
The lesser thing should not the greater hide;
The cedar stoops not to the base shrub’s foot,
But low shrubs wither at the cedar’s root.	665
‘So let thy thoughts, low vassals to thy state’—
‘No more,’ quoth he; ‘by heaven, I will not hear thee:
Yield to my love; if not, enforced hate,
Instead of love’s coy touch, shall rudely tear thee;
That done, despitefully I mean to bear thee	670
Unto the base bed of some rascal groom,
To be thy partner in this shameful doom.’
This said, he sets his foot upon the light,
For light and lust are deadly enemies:
Shame folded up in blind concealing night,	675
When most unseen, then most doth tyrannize.
The wolf hath seiz’d his prey, the poor lamb cries;
Till with her own white fleece her voice controll’d
Entombs her outcry in her lips’ sweet fold:
For with the nightly linen that she wears	680
He pens her piteous clamours in her head,
Cooling his hot face in the chastest tears
That ever modest eyes with sorrow shed.
O! that prone lust should stain so pure a bed,
The spots whereof could weeping purify,	685
Her tears should drop on them perpetually.
But she hath lost a dearer thing than life,
And he hath won what he would lose again;
This forced league doth force a further strife;
This momentary joy breeds months of pain;	690
This hot desire converts to cold disdain:
Pure Chastity is rifled of her store,
And Lust, the thief, far poorer than before.
Look! as the full-fed hound or gorged hawk,
Unapt for tender smell or speedy flight,	695
Make slow pursuit, or altogether balk
The prey wherein by nature they delight;
So surfeit-taking Tarquin fares this night:
His taste delicious, in digestion souring,
Devours his will, that liv’d by foul devouring.	700
O! deeper sin than bottomless conceit
Can comprehend in still imagination;
Drunken Desire must vomit his receipt,
Ere he can see his own abomination.
While Lust is in his pride, no exclamation	705
Can curb his heat, or rein his rash desire,
Till like a jade Self-will himself doth tire.
And then with lank and lean discolour’d cheek,
With heavy eye, knit brow, and strengthless pace,
Feeble Desire, all recreant, poor, and meek,	710
Like to a bankrupt beggar wails his case:
The flesh being proud, Desire doth fight with Grace,
For there it revels; and when that decays,
The guilty rebel for remission prays.
So fares it with this faultful lord of Rome,	715
Who this accomplishment so hotly chas’d;
For now against himself he sounds this doom,
That through the length of times he stands disgrac’d;
Besides, his soul’s fair temple is defac’d;
To whose weak ruins muster troops of cares,	720
To ask the spotted princess how she fares.
She says, her subjects with foul insurrection
Have batter’d down her consecrated wall,
And by their mortal fault brought in subjection
Her immortality, and made her thrall	725
To living death, and pain perpetual:
Which in her prescience she controlled still,
But her foresight could not forestall their will.
Even in this thought through the dark night he stealeth,
A captive victor that hath lost in gain;	730
Bearing away the wound that nothing healeth,
The scar that will despite of cure remain;
Leaving his spoil perplex’d in greater pain.
She bears the load of lust he left behind,
And he the burden of a guilty mind.	735
He like a thievish dog creeps sadly thence,
She like a wearied lamb lies panting there;
He scowls and hates himself for his offence,
She desperate with her nails her flesh doth tear;
He faintly flies, sweating with guilty fear,	740
She stays, exclaiming on the direful night;
He runs, and chides his vanish’d, loath’d delight.
He thence departs a heavy convertite,
She there remains a hopeless castaway;
He in his speed looks for the morning light,	745
She prays she never may behold the day;
‘For day,’ quoth she, ‘night’s ’scapes doth open lay,
And my true eyes have never practis’d how
To cloak offences with a cunning brow.
‘They think not but that every eye can see	750
The same disgrace which they themselves behold;
And therefore would they still in darkness be,
To have their unseen sin remain untold;
For they their guilt with weeping will unfold,
And grave, like water that doth eat in steel,	755
Upon my cheeks what helpless shame I feel.’
Here she exclaims against repose and rest,
And bids her eyes hereafter still be blind.
She wakes her heart by beating on her breast,
And bids it leap from thence where it may find	760
Some purer chest to close so pure a mind.
Frantic with grief thus breathes she forth her spite
Against the unseen secrecy of night:
‘O comfort-killing Night, image of hell!
Dim register and notary of shame!	765
Black stage for tragedies and murders fell!
Vast sin-concealing chaos! nurse of blame!
Blind muffled bawd! dark harbour for defame!
Grim cave of death! whispering conspirator
With close-tongu’d treason and the ravisher!	770
‘O hateful, vaporous, and foggy Night!
Since thou art guilty of my curseless crime,
Muster thy mists to meet the eastern light,
Make war against proportion’d course of time;
Or if thou wilt permit the sun to climb	775
His wonted height, yet ere he go to bed,
Knit poisonous clouds about his golden head.
‘With rotten damps ravish the morning air;
Let their exhal’d unwholesome breaths make sick
The life of purity, the supreme fair,	780
Ere he arrive his weary noontide prick;
And let thy misty vapours march so thick,
That in their smoky ranks his smother’d light
May set at noon and make perpetual night.
‘Were Tarquin Night, as he is but Night’s child,	785
The silver-shining queen he would distain;
Her twinkling handmaids too, by him defil’d,
Through Night’s black bosom should not peep again:
So should I have co-partners in my pain;
And fellowship in woe doth woe assuage,	790
As palmers’ chat makes short their pilgrimage.
‘Where now I have no one to blush with me,
To cross their arms and hang their heads with mine,
To mask their brows and hide their infamy;
But I alone alone must sit and pine,	795
Seasoning the earth with showers of silver brine,
Mingling my talk with tears, my grief with groans,
Poor wasting monuments of lasting moans.
‘O Night! thou furnace of foul-reeking smoke,
Let not the jealous Day behold that face	800
Which underneath thy black all-hiding cloak
Immodestly lies martyr’d with disgrace:
Keep still possession of thy gloomy place,
That all the faults which in thy reign are made
May likewise be sepulchred in thy shade.	805
‘Make me not object to the tell-tale Day!
The light will show, character’d in my brow,
The story of sweet chastity’s decay,
The impious breach of holy wedlock vow:
Yea, the illiterate, that know not how	810
To ’cipher what is writ in learned books,
Will quote my loathsome trespass in my looks.
‘The nurse, to still her child, will tell my story,
And fright her crying babe with Tarquin’s name;
The orator, to deck his oratory,	815
Will couple my reproach to Tarquin’s shame;
Feast-finding minstrels, tuning my defame,
Will tie the hearers to attend each line,
How Tarquin wronged me, I Collatine.
‘Let my good name, that senseless reputation,	820
For Collatine’s dear love be kept unspotted:
If that be made a theme for disputation,
The branches of another root are rotted,
And undeserv’d reproach to him allotted
That is as clear from this attaint of mine,	825
As I ere this was pure to Collatine.
‘O unseen shame! invisible disgrace!
O unfelt sore! crest-wounding, private scar!
Reproach is stamp’d in Collatinus’ face,
And Tarquin’s eye may read the mot afar,	830
How he in peace is wounded, not in war.
Alas! how many bear such shameful blows,
Which not themselves, but he that gives them knows.
‘If, Collatine, thine honour lay in me,
From me by strong assault it is bereft.	835
My honey lost, and I, a drone-like bee,
Have no perfection of my summer left,
But robb’d and ransack’d by injurious theft:
In thy weak hive a wandering wasp hath crept,
And suck’d the honey which thy chaste bee kept.	840
‘Yet am I guilty of thy honour’s wrack;
Yet for thy honour did I entertain him;
Coming from thee, I could not put him back,
For it had been dishonour to disdain him:
Besides, of weariness he did complain him,	845
And talk’d of virtue: O! unlook’d-for evil,
When virtue is profan’d in such a devil.
‘Why should the worm intrude the maiden bud?
Or hateful cuckoos hatch in sparrows’ nests?
Or toads infect fair founts with venom mud?	850
Or tyrant folly lurk in gentle breasts?
Or kings be breakers of their own behests?
But no perfection is so absolute,
That some impurity doth not pollute.
‘The aged man that coffers-up his gold	855
Is plagu’d with cramps and gouts and painful fits;
And scarce hath eyes his treasure to behold,
But like still-pining Tantalus he sits,
And useless barns the harvest of his wits;
Having no other pleasure of his gain	860
But torment that it cannot cure his pain.
‘So then he hath it when he cannot use it,
And leaves it to be master’d by his young;
Who in their pride do presently abuse it:
Their father was too weak, and they too strong,	865
To hold their cursed-blessed fortune long.
The sweets we wish for turn to loathed sours
Even in the moment that we call them ours.
‘Unruly blasts wait on the tender spring;
Unwholesome weeds take root with precious flowers;	870
The adder hisses where the sweet birds sing;
What virtue breeds iniquity devours:
We have no good that we can say is ours,
But ill-annexed Opportunity
Or kills his life, or else his quality.	875
‘O Opportunity! thy guilt is great,
’Tis thou that execut’st the traitor’s treason;
Thou sett’st the wolf where he the lamb may get;
Whoever plots the sin, thou point’st the season;
’Tis thou that spurn’st at right, at law, at reason;	880
And in thy shady cell, where none may spy him,
Sits Sin to seize the souls that wander by him.
‘Thou mak’st the vestal violate her oath;
Thou blow’st the fire when temperance is thaw’d;
Thou smother’st honesty, thou murder’st troth;	885
Thou foul abettor! thou notorious bawd!
Thou plantest scandal and displacest laud:
Thou ravisher, thou traitor, thou false thief,
Thy honey turns to gall, thy joy to grief!
‘Thy secret pleasure turns to open shame,	890
Thy private feasting to a public fast,
Thy smoothing titles to a ragged name,
Thy sugar’d tongue to bitter wormwood taste:
Thy violent vanities can never last.
How comes it, then, vile Opportunity,	895
Being so bad, such numbers seek for thee?
‘When wilt thou be the humble suppliant’s friend,
And bring him where his suit may be obtain’d?
When wilt thou sort an hour great strifes to end?
Or free that soul which wretchedness hath chain’d?	900
Give physic to the sick, ease to the pain’d?
The poor, lame, blind, halt, creep, cry out for thee;
But they ne’er meet with Opportunity.
‘The patient dies while the physician sleeps;
The orphan pines while the oppressor feeds;	905
Justice is feasting while the widow weeps;
Advice is sporting while infection breeds:
Thou grant’st no time for charitable deeds:
Wrath, envy, treason, rape, and murder’s rages,
Thy heinous hours wait on them as their pages.	910
‘When Truth and Virtue have to do with thee,
A thousand crosses keep them from thy aid:
They buy thy help; but Sin ne’er gives a fee,
He gratis comes; and thou art well appaid
As well to hear as grant what he hath said.	915
My Collatine would else have come to me
When Tarquin did, but he was stay’d by thee.
‘Guilty thou art of murder and of theft,
Guilty of perjury and subornation,
Guilty of treason, forgery, and shift,	920
Guilty of incest, that abomination;
An accessory by thine inclination
To all sins past, and all that are to come,
From the creation to the general doom.
‘Mis-shapen Time, copesmate of ugly Night,	925
Swift subtle post, carrier of grisly care,
Eater of youth, false slave to false delight,
Base watch of woes, sin’s pack-horse, virtue’s snare;
Thou nursest all, and murderest all that are;
O! hear me, then, injurious, shifting Time,	930
Be guilty of my death, since of my crime.
‘Why hath thy servant, Opportunity,
Betray’d the hours thou gav’st me to repose?
Cancell’d my fortunes, and enchained me
To endless date of never-ending woes?	935
Time’s office is to fine the hate of foes;
To eat up errors by opinion bred,
Not spend the dowry of a lawful bed.
‘Time’s glory is to calm contending kings,
To unmask falsehood and bring truth to light,	940
To stamp the seal of time in aged things,
To wake the morn and sentinel the night,
To wrong the wronger till he render right,
To ruinate proud buildings with thy hours,
And smear with dust their glittering golden towers;	945
‘To fill with worm-holes stately monuments,
To feed oblivion with decay of things,
To blot old books and alter their contents,
To pluck the quills from ancient ravens’ wings,
To dry the old oak’s sap and cherish springs,	950
To spoil antiquities of hammer’d steel,
And turn the giddy round of Fortune’s wheel;
‘To show the beldam daughters of her daughter,
To make the child a man, the man a child,
To slay the tiger that doth live by slaughter,	955
To tame the unicorn and lion wild,
To mock the subtle, in themselves beguil’d,
To cheer the ploughman with increaseful crops,
And waste huge stones with little water-drops.
‘Why work’st thou mischief in thy pilgrimage,	960
Unless thou couldst return to make amends?
One poor retiring minute in an age
Would purchase thee a thousand thousand friends,
Lending him wit that to bad debtors lends:
O! this dread night, wouldst thou one hour come back,	965
I could prevent this storm and shun thy wrack.
‘Thou ceaseless lackey to eternity,
With some mischance cross Tarquin in his flight:
Devise extremes beyond extremity,
To make him curse this cursed crimeful night:	970
Let ghastly shadows his lewd eyes affright,
And the dire thought of his committed evil
Shape every bush a hideous shapeless devil.
‘Disturb his hours of rest with restless trances,
Afflict him in his bed with bedrid groans;	975
Let there bechance him pitiful mischances
To make him moan, but pity not his moans;
Stone him with harden’d hearts, harder than stones;
And let mild women to him lose their mildness,
Wilder to him than tigers in their wildness.	980
‘Let him have time to tear his curled hair,
Let him have time against himself to rave,
Let him have time of Time’s help to despair,
Let him have time to live a loathed slave,
Let him have time a beggar’s orts to crave,	985
And time to see one that by alms doth live
Disdain to him disdained scraps to give.
‘Let him have time to see his friends his foes,
And merry fools to mock at him resort;
Let him have time to mark how slow time goes	990
In time of sorrow, and how swift and short
His time of folly and his time of sport;
And ever let his unrecalling crime
Have time to wail the abusing of his time.
‘O Time! thou tutor both to good and bad,	995
Teach me to curse him that thou taught’st this ill;
At his own shadow let the thief run mad,
Himself himself seek every hour to kill:
Such wretched hands such wretched blood should spill;
For who so base would such an office have	1000
As slanderous deathsman to so base a slave?
‘The baser is he, coming from a king,
To shame his hope with deeds degenerate:
The mightier man, the mightier is the thing
That makes him honour’d, or begets him hate;	1005
For greatest scandal waits on greatest state.
The moon being clouded presently is miss’d,
But little stars may hide them when they list.
‘The crow may bathe his coal-black wings in mire,
And unperceiv’d fly with the filth away;	1010
But if the like the snow-white swan desire,
The stain upon his silver down will stay.
Poor grooms are sightless night, kings glorious day.
Gnats are unnoted wheresoe’er they fly,
But eagles gaz’d upon with every eye.	1015
‘Out, idle words! servants to shallow fools,
Unprofitable sounds, weak arbitrators!
Busy yourselves in skill-contending schools;
Debate where leisure serves with dull debaters;
To trembling clients be you mediators:	1020
For me, I force not argument a straw,
Since that my case is past the help of law.
‘In vain I rail at Opportunity,
At Time, at Tarquin, and uncheerful Night;
In vain I cavil with mine infamy,	1025
In vain I spurn at my confirm’d despite;
This helpless smoke of words doth me no right.
The remedy indeed to do me good,
Is to let forth my foul-defiled blood.
‘Poor hand, why quiver’st thou at this decree?	1030
Honour thyself to rid me of this shame;
For if I die, my honour lives in thee,
But if I live, thou liv’st in my defame;
Since thou couldst not defend thy loyal dame,
And wast afeard to scratch her wicked foe,	1035
Kill both thyself and her for yielding so.’
This said, from her be-tumbled couch she starteth,
To find some desperate instrument of death;
But this no slaughter-house no tool imparteth
To make more vent for passage of her breath;	1040
Which, thronging through her lips, so vanisheth
As smoke from Ætna, that in air consumes,
Or that which from discharged cannon fumes.
‘In vain,’ quoth she, ‘I live, and seek in vain
Some happy mean to end a hapless life:	1045
I fear’d by Tarquin’s falchion to be slain,
Yet for the self-same purpose seek a knife:
But when I fear’d I was a loyal wife:
So am I now: O no! that cannot be;
Of that true type hath Tarquin rifled me.	1050
‘O! that is gone for which I sought to live,
And therefore now I need not fear to die.
To clear this spot by death, at least I give
A badge of fame to slander’s livery;
A dying life to living infamy.	1055
Poor helpless help, the treasure stol’n away,
To burn the guiltless casket where it lay?
‘Well, well, dear Collatine, thou shalt not know
The stained taste of violated troth;
I will not wrong thy true affection so,	1060
To flatter thee with an infringed oath;
This bastard graff shall never come to growth;
He shall not boast who did thy stock pollute
That thou art doting father of his fruit.
‘Nor shall he smile at thee in secret thought,	1065
Nor laugh with his companions at thy state;
But thou shalt know thy interest was not bought
Basely with gold, but stol’n from forth thy gate.
For me, I am the mistress of my fate,
And with my trespass never will dispense,	1070
Till life to death acquit my forc’d offence.
‘I will not poison thee with my attaint,
Nor fold my fault in cleanly-coin’d excuses;
My sable ground of sin I will not paint,
To hide the truth of this false night’s abuses;	1075
My tongue shall utter all; mine eyes, like sluices,
As from a mountain-spring that feeds a dale,
Shall gush pure streams to purge my impure tale.’
By this, lamenting Philomel had ended
The well-tun’d warble of her nightly sorrow,	1080
And solemn night with slow sad gait descended
To ugly hell; when, lo! the blushing morrow
Lends light to all fair eyes that light will borrow:
But cloudy Lucrece shames herself to see,
And therefore still in night would cloister’d be.	1085
Revealing day through every cranny spies,
And seems to point her out where she sits weeping;
To whom she sobbing speaks: ‘O eye of eyes!
Why pry’st thou through my window? leave thy peeping;
Mock with thy tickling beams eyes that are sleeping:	1090
Brand not my forehead with thy piercing light,
For day hath nought to do what ’s done by night.’
Thus cavils she with everything she sees:
True grief is fond and testy as a child,
Who wayward once, his mood with nought agrees:	1095
Old woes, not infant sorrows, bear them mild;
Continuance tames the one; the other wild,
Like an unpractis’d swimmer plunging still,
With too much labour drowns for want of skill.
So she, deep-drenched in a sea of care,	1100
Holds disputation with each thing she views,
And to herself all sorrow doth compare;
No object but her passion’s strength renews,
And as one shifts, another straight ensues:
Sometime her grief is dumb and hath no words;	1105
Sometime ’tis mad and too much talk affords.
The little birds that tune their morning’s joy
Make her moans mad with their sweet melody:
For mirth doth search the bottom of annoy;
Sad souls are slain in merry company;	1110
Grief best is pleas’d with grief’s society:
True sorrow then is feelingly suffic’d
When with like semblance it is sympathiz’d.
’Tis double death to drown in ken of shore;
He ten times pines that pines beholding food;	1115
To see the salve doth make the wound ache more;
Great grief grieves most at that would do it good;
Deep woes roll forward like a gentle flood,
Who, being stopp’d, the bounding banks o’erflows;
Grief dallied with nor law nor limit knows.	1120
‘You mocking birds,’ quoth she, ‘your tunes entomb
Within your hollow-swelling feather’d breasts,
And in my hearing be you mute and dumb:
My restless discord loves no stops nor rests;
A woeful hostess brooks not merry guests:	1125
Relish your nimble notes to pleasing ears;
Distress likes dumps when time is kept with tears.
‘Come, Philomel, that sing’st of ravishment,
Make thy sad grove in my dishevell’d hair:
As the dank earth weeps at thy languishment,	1130
So I at each sad strain will strain a tear,
And with deep groans the diapason bear;
For burden-wise I ’ll hum on Tarquin still,
While thou on Tereus descant’st better skill.
‘And whiles against a thorn thou bear’st thy part	1135
To keep thy sharp woes waking, wretched I,
To imitate thee well, against my heart
Will fix a sharp knife to affright mine eye,
Who, if it wink, shall thereon fall and die.
These means, as frets upon an instrument,	1140
Shall tune our heart-strings to true languishment.
‘And for, poor bird, thou sing’st not in the day,
As shaming any eye should thee behold,
Some dark deep desert, seated from the way,
That knows not parching heat nor freezing cold,	1145
We will find out; and there we will unfold
To creatures stern sad tunes, to change their kinds:
Since men prove beasts, let beasts bear gentle minds.’
As the poor frighted deer, that stands at gaze,
Wildly determining which way to fly,	1150
Or one encompass’d with a winding maze,
That cannot tread the way out readily;
So with herself is she in mutiny,
To live or die which of the twain were better,
When life is sham’d, and death reproach’s debtor.	1155
‘To kill myself,’ quoth she, ‘alack! what were it
But with my body my poor soul’s pollution?
They that lose half with greater patience bear it
Than they whose whole is swallow’d in confusion.
That mother tries a merciless conclusion,	1160
Who, having two sweet babes, when death takes one,
Will slay the other and be nurse to none.
‘My body or my soul, which was the dearer,
When the one pure, the other made divine?
Whose love of either to myself was nearer,	1165
When both were kept for heaven and Collatine?
Ay me! the bark peel’d from the lofty pine,
His leaves will wither and his sap decay;
So must my soul, her bark being peel’d away.
‘Her house is sack’d, her quiet interrupted,	1170
Her mansion batter’d by the enemy;
Her sacred temple spotted, spoil’d, corrupted,
Grossly engirt with daring infamy:
Then let it not be call’d impiety,
If in this blemish’d fort I make some hole	1175
Through which I may convey this troubled soul.
‘Yet die I will not till my Collatine
Have heard the cause of my untimely death;
That he may vow, in that sad hour of mine,
Revenge on him that made me stop my breath.	1180
My stained blood to Tarquin I ’ll bequeath,
Which by him tainted shall for him be spent,
And as his due writ in my testament.
‘Mine honour I ’ll bequeath unto the knife
That wounds my body so dishonoured.	1185
’Tis honour to deprive dishonour’d life;
The one will live, the other being dead:
So of shame’s ashes shall my fame be bred;
For in my death I murder shameful scorn:
My shame so dead, mine honour is new-born.	1190
‘Dear lord of that dear jewel I have lost,
What legacy shall I bequeath to thee?
My resolution, love, shall be thy boast,
By whose example thou reveng’d mayst be.
How Tarquin must be us’d, read it in me:	1195
Myself, thy friend, will kill myself, thy foe,
And for my sake serve thou false Tarquin so.
‘This brief abridgment of my will I make:
My soul and body to the skies and ground;
My resolution, husband, do thou take;	1200
Mine honour be the knife’s that makes my wound;
My shame be his that did my fame confound;
And all my fame that lives disbursed be
To those that live, and think no shame of me.
‘Thou, Collatine, shalt oversee this will;	1205
How was I overseen that thou shalt see it!
My blood shall wash the slander of mine ill;
My life’s foul deed, my life’s fair end shall free it.
Faint not, faint heart, but stoutly say, “So be it:”
Yield to my hand; my hand shall conquer thee:	1210
Thou dead, both die, and both shall victors be.’
This plot of death when sadly she had laid,
And wip’d the brinish pearl from her bright eyes,
With untun’d tongue she hoarsely call’d her maid,
Whose swift obedience to her mistress hies;	1215
For fleet-wing’d duty with thought’s feathers flies.
Poor Lucrece’ cheeks unto her maid seem so
As winter meads when sun doth melt their snow.
Her mistress she doth give demure good-morrow,
With soft slow tongue, true mark of modesty,	1220
And sorts a sad look to her lady’s sorrow,
For why her face wore sorrow’s livery;
But durst not ask of her audaciously
Why her two suns were cloud-eclipsed so,
Nor why her fair cheeks over-wash’d with woe.	1225
But as the earth doth weep, the sun being set,
Each flower moisten’d like a melting eye;
Even so the maid with swelling drops ’gan wet
Her circled eyne, enforc’d by sympathy
Of those fair suns set in her mistress’ sky,	1230
Who in a salt-wav’d ocean quench their light,
Which makes the maid weep like the dewy night.
A pretty while these pretty creatures stand,
Like ivory conduits coral cisterns filling;
One justly weeps, the other takes in hand	1235
No cause but company of her drops spilling;
Their gentle sex to weep are often willing,
Grieving themselves to guess at others’ smarts,
And then they drown their eyes or break their hearts:
For men have marble, women waxen minds,	1240
And therefore are they form’d as marble will;
The weak oppress’d, the impression of strange kinds
Is form’d in them by force, by fraud, or skill:
Then call them not the authors of their ill,
No more than wax shall be accounted evil	1245
Wherein is stamp’d the semblance of a devil.
Their smoothness, like a goodly champaign plain,
Lays open all the little worms that creep;
In men, as in a rough-grown grove, remain
Cave-keeping evils that obscurely sleep:	1250
Through crystal walls each little mote will peep:
Though men can cover crimes with bold stern looks,
Poor women’s faces are their own faults’ books.
No man inveigh against the wither’d flower,
But chide rough winter that the flower hath kill’d:	1255
Not that devour’d, but that which doth devour,
Is worthy blame. O! let it not be hild
Poor women’s faults, that they are so fulfill’d
With men’s abuses: those proud lords, to blame,
Make weak-made women tenants to their shame.	1260
The precedent whereof in Lucrece view,
Assail’d by night with circumstances strong
Of present death, and shame that might ensue
By that her death, to do her husband wrong:
Such danger to resistance did belong,	1265
The dying fear through all her body spread;
And who cannot abuse a body dead?
By this, mild patience bid fair Lucrece speak
To the poor counterfeit of her complaining:
‘My girl,’ quoth she, ‘on what occasion break	1270
Those tears from thee, that down thy cheeks are raining?
If thou dost weep for grief of my sustaining,
Know, gentle wench, it small avails my mood:
If tears could help, mine own would do me good.
‘But tell me, girl, when went’—and there she stay’d	1275
Till after a deep groan—‘Tarquin from hence?’—
‘Madam, ere I was up,’ replied the maid,
‘The more to blame my sluggard negligence:
Yet with the fault I thus far can dispense;
Myself was stirring ere the break of day,	1280
And, ere I rose, was Tarquin gone away.
‘But, lady, if your maid may be so bold,
She would request to know your heaviness.’
‘O! peace,’ quoth Lucrece; ‘if it should be told,
The repetition cannot make it less;	1285
For more it is than I can well express:
And that deep torture may be call’d a hell,
When more is felt than one hath power to tell.
‘Go, get me hither paper, ink, and pen:
Yet save that labour, for I have them here.	1290
What should I say? One of my husband’s men
Bid thou be ready by and by, to bear
A letter to my lord, my love, my dear:
Bid him with speed prepare to carry it;
The cause craves haste, and it will soon be writ.’	1295
Her maid is gone, and she prepares to write,
First hovering o’er the paper with her quill:
Conceit and grief an eager combat fight;
What wit sets down is blotted straight with will;
This is too curious-good, this blunt and ill:	1300
Much like a press of people at a door,
Throng her inventions, which shall go before.
At last she thus begins: ‘Thou worthy lord
Of that unworthy wife that greeteth thee,
Health to thy person! next vouchsafe t’ afford,	1305
If ever, love, thy Lucrece thou wilt see,
Some present speed to come and visit me.
So I commend me from our house in grief:
My woes are tedious, though my words are brief.’
Here folds she up the tenour of her woe,	1310
Her certain sorrow writ uncertainly.
By this short schedule Collatine may know
Her grief, but not her grief’s true quality:
She dares not thereof make discovery,
Lest he should hold it her own gross abuse,	1315
Ere she with blood had stain’d her stain’d excuse.
Besides, the life and feeling of her passion
She hoards, to spend when he is by to hear her;
When sighs, and groans, and tears may grace the fashion
Of her disgrace, the better so to clear her	1320
From that suspicion which the world might bear her.
To shun this blot, she would not blot the letter
With words, till action might become them better.
To see sad sights moves more than hear them told;
For then the eye interprets to the ear	1325
The heavy motion that it doth behold,
When every part a part of woe doth bear:
’Tis but a part of sorrow that we hear;
Deep sounds make lesser noise than shallow fords,
And sorrow ebbs, being blown with wind of words.	1330
Her letter now is seal’d, and on it writ
‘At Ardea to my lord, with more than haste.’
The post attends, and she delivers it,
Charging the sour-fac’d groom to hie as fast
As lagging fowls before the northern blast.	1335
Speed more than speed but dull and slow she deems:
Extremely still urgeth such extremes.
The homely villein curtsies to her low;
And, blushing on her, with a steadfast eye
Receives the scroll without or yea or no,	1340
And forth with bashful innocence doth hie:
But they whose guilt within their bosoms lie
Imagine every eye beholds their blame;
For Lucrece thought he blush’d to see her shame:
When, silly groom! God wot, it was defect	1345
Of spirit, life, and bold audacity.
Such harmless creatures have a true respect
To talk in deeds, while others saucily
Promise more speed, but do it leisurely:
Even so this pattern of the worn-out age	1350
Pawn’d honest looks, but laid no words to gage.
His kindled duty kindled her mistrust,
That two red fires in both their faces blaz’d;
She thought he blush’d, as knowing Tarquin’s lust,
And, blushing with him, wistly on him gaz’d;	1355
Her earnest eye did make him more amaz’d:
The more saw the blood his cheeks replenish,
The more she thought he spied in her some blemish.
But long she thinks till he return again,
And yet the duteous vassal scarce is gone.	1360
The weary time she cannot entertain,
For now ’tis stale to sigh, to weep, to groan:
So woe hath wearied woe, moan tired moan,
That she her plaints a little while doth stay,
Pausing for means to mourn some newer way.	1365
At last she calls to mind where hangs a piece
Of skilful painting, made for Priam’s Troy;
Before the which is drawn the power of Greece,
For Helen’s rape the city to destroy,
Threat’ning cloud-kissing Ilion with annoy;	1370
Which the conceited painter drew so proud,
As heaven, it seem’d, to kiss the turrets bow’d.
A thousand lamentable objects there,
In scorn of nature, art gave lifeless life;
Many a dry drop seem’d a weeping tear,	1375
Shed for the slaughter’d husband by the wife:
The red blood reek’d, to show the painter’s strife;
The dying eyes gleam’d forth their ashy lights,
Like dying coals burnt out in tedious nights.
There might you see the labouring pioner,	1380
Begrim’d with sweat, and smeared all with dust;
And from the towers of Troy there would appear
The very eyes of men through loop-holes thrust,
Gazing upon the Greeks with little lust:
Such sweet observance in this work was had,	1385
That one might see those far-off eyes look sad.
In great commanders grace and majesty
You might behold, triumphing in their faces;
In youth quick bearing and dexterity;
And here and there the painter interlaces	1390
Pale cowards, marching on with trembling paces;
Which heartless peasants did so well resemble,
That one would swear he saw them quake and tremble.
In Ajax and Ulysses, O! what art
Of physiognomy might one behold;	1395
The face of either cipher’d either’s heart;
Their face their manners most expressly told:
In Ajax’ eyes blunt rage and rigour roll’d;
But the mild glance that sly Ulysses lent
Show’d deep regard and smiling government.	1400
There pleading might you see grave Nestor stand,
As ’twere encouraging the Greeks to fight;
Making such sober action with his hand,
That it beguil’d attention, charm’d the sight.
In speech, it seem’d, his beard, all silver white,	1405
Wagg’d up and down, and from his lips did fly
Thin winding breath, which purl’d up to the sky.
About him were a press of gaping faces,
Which seem’d to swallow up his sound advice;
All jointly listening, but with several graces,	1410
As if some mermaid did their ears entice,
Some high, some low, the painter was so nice;
The scalps of many, almost hid behind,
To jump up higher seem’d, to mock the mind.
Here one man’s hand lean’d on another’s head,	1415
His nose being shadow’d by his neighbour’s ear;
Here one being throng’d bears back, all boll’n and red;
Another smother’d seems to pelt and swear;
And in their rage such signs of rage they bear,
As, but for loss of Nestor’s golden words,	1420
It seem’d they would debate with angry swords.
For much imaginary work was there;
Conceit deceitful, so compact, so kind,
That for Achilles’ image stood his spear,
Grip’d in an armed hand; himself behind,	1425
Was left unseen, save to the eye of mind:
A hand, a foot, a face, a leg, a head,
Stood for the whole to be imagined.
And from the walls of strong-besieged Troy,
When their brave hope, bold Hector, march’d to field,	1430
Stood many Trojan mothers, sharing joy
To see their youthful sons bright weapons wield;
And to their hope they such odd action yield,
That through their light joy seemed to appear,—
Like bright things stain’d—a kind of heavy fear.	1435
And, from the strand of Dardan, where they fought,
To Simois’ reedy banks the red blood ran,
Whose waves to imitate the battle sought
With swelling ridges; and their ranks began
To break upon the galled shore, and than	1440
Retire again, till meeting greater ranks
They join and shoot their foam at Simois’ banks.
To this well-painted piece is Lucrece come,
To find a face where all distress is stell’d.
Many she sees where cares have carved some,	1445
But none where all distress and dolour dwell’d,
Till she despairing Hecuba beheld,
Staring on Priam’s wounds with her old eyes,
Which bleeding under Pyrrhus’ proud foot lies.
In her the painter had anatomiz’d	1450
Time’s ruin, beauty’s wrack, and grim care’s reign:
Her cheeks with chaps and wrinkles were disguis’d;
Of what she was no semblance did remain;
Her blue blood chang’d to black in every vein,
Wanting the spring that those shrunk pipes had fed,	1455
Show’d life imprison’d in a body dead.
On this sad shadow Lucrece spends her eyes,
And shapes her sorrow to the beldam’s woes,
Who nothing wants to answer her but cries,
And bitter words to ban her cruel foes:	1460
The painter was no god to lend her those;
And therefore Lucrece swears he did her wrong,
To give her so much grief and not a tongue.
‘Poor instrument,’ quoth she, ‘without a sound,
I ’ll tune thy woes with my lamenting tongue,	1465
And drop sweet balm in Priam’s painted wound,
And rail on Pyrrhus that hath done him wrong,
And with my tears quench Troy that burns so long,
And with my knife scratch out the angry eyes
Of all the Greeks that are thine enemies.	1470
‘Show me the strumpet that began this stir,
That with my nails her beauty I may tear.
Thy heat of lust, fond Paris, did incur
This load of wrath that burning Troy doth bear:
Thy eye kindled the fire that burneth here;	1475
And here in Troy, for trespass of thine eye,
The sire, the son, the dame, and daughter die.
‘Why should the private pleasure of some one
Become the public plague of many moe?
Let sin, alone committed, light alone	1480
Upon his head that hath transgressed so;
Let guiltless souls be freed from guilty woe;
For one’s offence why should so many fall,
To plague a private sin in general?
‘Lo! here weeps Hecuba, here Priam dies,	1485
Here manly Hector faints, here Troilus swounds,
Here friend by friend in bloody channel lies,
And friend to friend gives unadvised wounds,
And one man’s lust these many lives confounds:
Had doting Priam check’d his son’s desire,	1490
Troy had been bright with fame and not with fire.’
Here feelingly she weeps Troy’s painted woes;
For sorrow, like a heavy-hanging bell,
Once set on ringing, with his own weight goes;
Then little strength rings out the doleful knell:	1495
So Lucrece, set a-work, sad tales doth tell
To pencil’d pensiveness and colour’d sorrow;
She lends them words, and she their looks doth borrow.
She throws her eyes about the painting round,
And whom she finds forlorn she doth lament:	1500
At last she sees a wretched image bound,
That piteous looks to Phrygian shepherds lent;
His face, though full of cares, yet show’d content;
Onward to Troy with the blunt swains he goes,
So mild, that Patience seem’d to scorn his woes.	1505
In him the painter labour’d with his skill
To hide deceit, and give the harmless show
An humble gait, calm looks, eyes wailing still,
A brow unbent, that seem’d to welcome woe;
Cheeks neither red nor pale, but mingled so	1510
That blushing red no guilty instance gave,
Nor ashy pale the fear that false hearts have.
But, like a constant and confirmed devil,
He entertain’d a show so seeming-just,
And therein so ensconc’d his secret evil,	1515
That jealousy itself could not mistrust
False-creeping craft and perjury should thrust
Into so bright a day such black-fac’d storms,
Or blot with hell-born sin such saint-like forms.
The well-skill’d workman this mild image drew	1520
For perjur’d Sinon, whose enchanting story
The credulous Old Priam after slew;
Whose words, like wildfire, burnt the shining glory
Of rich-built Ilion, that the skies were sorry,
And little stars shot from their fixed places,	1525
When their glass fell wherein they view’d their faces.
This picture she advisedly perus’d,
And chid the painter for his wondrous skill,
Saying, some shape in Sinon’s was abus’d;
So fair a form lodg’d not a mind so ill:	1530
And still on him she gaz’d, and gazing still,
Such signs of truth in his plain face she spied,
That she concludes the picture was belied.
‘It cannot be,’ quoth she, ‘that so much guile,’—
She would have said,—‘can lurk in such a look;’	1535
But Tarquin’s shape came in her mind the while,
And from her tongue ‘can lurk’ from ‘cannot’ took:
‘It cannot be,’ she in that sense forsook,
And turn’d it thus, ‘It cannot be, I find,
But such a face should bear a wicked mind:	1540
‘For even as subtle Sinon here is painted,
So sober-sad, so weary, and so mild,
As if with grief or travail he had fainted,
To me came Tarquin armed; so beguil’d
With outward honesty, but yet defil’d	1545
With inward vice: as Priam him did cherish,
So did I Tarquin; so my Troy did perish.
‘Look, look, how listening Priam wets his eyes,
To see those borrow’d tears that Sinon sheds!
Priam, why art thou old and yet not wise?	1550
For every tear he falls a Trojan bleeds:
His eye drops fire, no water thence proceeds;
Those round clear pearls of his, that move thy pity,
Are balls of quenchless fire to burn thy city.
‘Such devils steal effects from lightless hell;	1555
For Sinon in his fire doth quake with cold,
And in that cold hot-burning fire doth dwell;
These contraries such unity do hold,
Only to flatter fools and make them bold:
So Priam’s trust false Sinon’s tears doth flatter,	1560
That he finds means to burn his Troy with water.’
Here, all enrag’d, such passion her assails,
That patience is quite beaten from her breast.
She tears the senseless Sinon with her nails,
Comparing him to that unhappy guest	1565
Whose deed hath made herself herself detest:
At last she smilingly with this gives o’er;
‘Fool, fool!’ quoth she, ‘his wounds will not be sore.’
Thus ebbs and flows the current of her sorrow,
And time doth weary time with her complaining.	1570
She looks for night, and then she longs for morrow,
And both she thinks too long with her remaining:
Short time seems long in sorrow’s sharp sustaining:
Though woe be heavy, yet it seldom sleeps;
And they that watch see time how slow it creeps.	1575
Which all this time hath overslipp’d her thought,
That she with painted images hath spent;
Being from the feeling of her own grief brought
By deep surmise of others’ detriment;
Losing her woes in shows of discontent.	1580
It easeth some, though none it ever cur’d,
To think their dolour others have endur’d.
But now the mindful messenger, come back,
Brings home his lord and other company;
Who finds his Lucrece clad in mourning black;	1585
And round about her tear-distained eye
Blue circles stream’d, like rainbows in the sky:
These water-galls in her dim element
Foretell new storms to those already spent.
Which when her sad-beholding husband saw,	1590
Amazedly in her sad face he stares:
Her eyes, though sod in tears, look’d red and raw,
Her lively colour kill’d with deadly cares.
He hath no power to ask her how she fares:
Both stood like old acquaintance in a trance,	1595
Met far from home, wondering each other’s chance.
At last he takes her by the bloodless hand,
And thus begins: ‘What uncouth ill event
Hath thee befall’n, that thou dost trembling stand?
Sweet love, what spite hath thy fair colour spent?	1600
Why art thou thus attir’d in discontent?
Unmask, dear dear, this moody heaviness,
And tell thy grief, that we may give redress.’
Three times with sighs she gives her sorrow fire,
Ere once she can discharge one word of woe:	1605
At length address’d to answer his desire,
She modestly prepares to let them know
Her honour is ta’en prisoner by the foe;
While Collatine and his consorted lords
With sad attention long to hear her words.	1610
And now this pale swan in her watery nest
Begins the sad dirge of her certain ending.
‘Few words,’ quoth she, ‘shall fit the trespass best,
Where no excuse can give the fault amending:
In me moe woes than words are now depending;	1615
And my laments would be drawn out too long,
To tell them all with one poor tired tongue.
‘Then be this all the task it hath to say:
Dear husband, in the interest of thy bed
A stranger came, and on that pillow lay	1620
Where thou wast wont to rest thy weary head;
And what wrong else may be imagined
By foul enforcement might be done to me,
From that, alas! thy Lucrece is not free.
‘For in the dreadful dead of dark midnight,	1625
With shining falchion in my chamber came
A creeping creature with a flaming light,
And softly cried, “Awake, thou Roman dame,
And entertain my love; else lasting shame
On thee and thine this night I will inflict,	1630
If thou my love’s desire do contradict.
‘“For some hard-favour’d groom of thine,” quoth he,
“Unless thou yoke thy liking to my will,
I ’ll murder straight, and then I ’ll slaughter thee,
And swear I found you where you did fulfil	1635
The loathsome act of lust, and so did kill
The lechers in their deed: this act will be
My fame, and thy perpetual infamy.”
‘With this I did begin to start and cry,
And then against my heart he sets his sword,	1640
Swearing, unless I took all patiently,
I should not live to speak another word;
So should my shame still rest upon record,
And never be forgot in mighty Rome
The adulterate death of Lucrece and her groom.	1645
‘Mine enemy was strong, my poor self weak,
And far the weaker with so strong a fear:
My bloody judge forbade my tongue to speak;
No rightful plea might plead for justice there:
His scarlet lust came evidence to swear	1650
That my poor beauty had purloin’d his eyes;
And when the judge is robb’d the prisoner dies.
‘O! teach me how to make mine own excuse,
Or, at the least, this refuge let me find;
Though my gross blood be stain’d with this abuse,	1655
Immaculate and spotless is my mind;
That was not forc’d; that never was inclin’d
To accessary yieldings, but still pure
Doth in her poison’d closet yet endure.’
Lo! here the hopeless merchant of this loss,	1660
With head declin’d, and voice damm’d up with woe,
With sad-set eyes, and wretched arms across,
From lips new-waxen pale begins to blow
The grief away that stops his answer so:
But, wretched as he is, he strives in vain;	1665
What he breathes out his breath drinks up again.
As through an arch the violent roaring tide
Outruns the eye that doth behold his haste,
Yet in the eddy boundeth in his pride
Back to the strait that forc’d him on so fast;	1670
In rage sent out, recall’d in rage, being past:
Even so his sighs, his sorrows, make a saw,
To push grief on, and back the same grief draw.
Which speechless woe of his poor she attendeth,
And his untimely frenzy thus awaketh:	1675
‘Dear lord, thy sorrow to my sorrow lendeth
Another power; no flood by raining slaketh.
My woe too sensible thy passion maketh
More feeling-painful: let it then suffice
To drown one woe, one pair of weeping eyes.	1680
‘And for my sake, when I might charm thee so,
For she that was thy Lucrece, now attend me:
Be suddenly revenged on my foe,
Thine, mine, his own: suppose thou dost defend me
From what is past: the help that thou shalt lend me	1685
Comes all too late, yet let the traitor die;
For sparing justice feeds iniquity.
‘But ere I name him, you, fair lords,’ quoth she,—
Speaking to those that came with Collatine,—
‘Shall plight your honourable faiths to me,	1690
With swift pursuit to venge this wrong of mine;
For ’tis a meritorious fair design
To chase injustice with revengeful arms:
Knights, by their oaths, should right poor ladies’ harms.’
At this request, with noble disposition	1695
Each present lord began to promise aid,
As bound in knighthood to her imposition,
Longing to hear the hateful foe bewray’d:
But she, that yet her sad task hath not said,
The protestation stops. ‘O! speak,’ quoth she,	1700
‘How may this forced stain be wip’d from me?
‘What is the quality of mine offence,
Being constrain’d with dreadful circumstance?
May my pure mind with the foul act dispense,
My low-declined honour to advance?	1705
May any terms acquit me from this chance?
The poison’d fountain clears itself again;
And why not I from this compelled stain?’
With this, they all at once began to say,
Her body’s stain her mind untainted clears;	1710
While with a joyless smile she turns away
The face, that map which deep impression bears
Of hard misfortune, carv’d in it with tears.
‘No, no,’ quoth she, ‘no dame, hereafter living,
By my excuse shall claim excus’s giving.’	1715
Here with a sigh, as if her heart would break,
She throws forth Tarquin’s name, ‘He, he,’ she says,
But more than ‘he’ her poor tongue could not speak;
Till after many accents and delays,
Untimely breathings, sick and short assays,	1720
She utters this, ‘He, he, fair lords, ’tis he,
That guides this hand to give this wound to me.’
Even here she sheathed in her harmless breast
A harmful knife, that thence her soul unsheath’d:
That blow did bail it from the deep unrest	1725
Of that polluted prison where it breath’d;
Her contrite sighs unto the clouds bequeath’d
Her winged sprite, and through her wounds doth fly
Life’s lasting date from cancell’d destiny.
Stone-still, astonish’d with this deadly deed,	1730
Stood Collatine and all his lordly crew;
Till Lucrece’ father, that beholds her bleed,
Himself on her self-slaughter’d body threw;
And from the purple fountain Brutus drew
The murderous knife, and as it left the place,	1735
Her blood, in poor revenge, held it in chase;
And bubbling from her breast, it doth divide
In two slow rivers, that the crimson blood
Circles her body in on every side,
Who, like a late-sack’d island, vastly stood,	1740
Bare and unpeopled in this fearful flood.
Some of her blood still pure and red remain’d,
And some look’d black, and that false Tarquin stain’d.
About the mourning and congealed face,
Of that black blood a watery rigol goes,	1745
Which seems to weep upon the tainted place:
And ever since, as pitying Lucrece’ woes,
Corrupted blood some watery token shows;
And blood untainted still doth red abide,
Blushing at that which is so putrified.	1750
‘Daughter, dear daughter!’ old Lucretius cries,
‘That life was mine which thou hast here depriv’d
If in the child the father’s image lies,
Where shall I live now Lucrece is unliv’d?
Thou wast not to this end from me deriv’d.	1755
If children predecease progenitors,
We are their offspring, and they none of ours.
‘Poor broken glass, I often did behold
In thy sweet semblance my old age new born;
But now that fair fresh mirror, dim and old,	1760
Shows me a bare-bon’d death by time outworn.
O! from thy cheeks my image thou hast torn,
And shiver’d all the beauty of my glass,
That I no more can see what once I was.
‘O Time! cease thou thy course, and last no longer,	1765
If they surcease to be that should survive.
Shall rotten death make conquest of the stronger,
And leave the faltering feeble souls alive?
The old bees die, the young possess their hive:
Then live, sweet Lucrece, live again and see	1770
Thy father die, and not thy father thee!’
By this, starts Collatine as from a dream,
And bids Lucretius give his sorrow place;
And then in key-cold Lucrece’ bleeding stream
He falls, and bathes the pale fear in his face,	1775
And counterfeits to die with her a space;
Till manly shame bids him possess his breath
And live to be revenged on her death.
The deep vexation of his inward soul
Hath serv’d a dumb arrest upon his tongue;	1780
Who, mad that sorrow should his use control
Or keep him from heart-easing words so long,
Begins to talk; but through his lips do throng
Weak words so thick, come in his poor heart’s aid,
That no man could distinguish what he said.	1785
Yet sometime ‘Tarquin’ was pronounced plain,
But through his teeth, as if the name he tore.
This windy tempest, till it blow up rain,
Held back his sorrow’s tide to make it more;
At last it rains, and busy winds give o’er:	1790
Then son and father weep with equal strife
Who should weep most, for daughter or for wife.
The one doth call her his, the other his,
Yet neither may possess the claim they lay.
The father says, ‘She ’s mine.’ ‘O! mine she is,’	1795
Replies her husband; ‘do not take away
My sorrow’s interest; let no mourner say
He weeps for her, for she was only mine,
And only must be wail’d by Collatine.’
‘O!’ quoth Lucretius, ‘I did give that life	1800
Which she too early and too late hath spill’d.’
‘Woe, woe,’ quoth Collatine, ‘she was my wife,
I ow’d her, and ’tis mine that she hath kill’d.’
‘My daughter’ and ‘my wife’ with clamours fill’d
The dispers’d air, who, holding Lucrece’ life,	1805
Answer’d their cries, ‘my daughter’ and ‘my wife.’
Brutus, who pluck’d the knife from Lucrece’ side,
Seeing such emulation in their woe,
Began to clothe his wit in state and pride,
Burying in Lucrece’ wound his folly’s show.	1810
He with the Romans was esteemed so
As silly-jeering idiots are with kings,
For sportive words and uttering foolish things:
But now he throws that shallow habit by,
Wherein deep policy did him disguise;	1815
And arm’d his long-hid wits advisedly,
To check the tears in Collatinus’ eyes.
‘Thou wronged lord of Rome,’ quoth he, ‘arise:
Let my unsounded self, suppos’d a fool,
Now set thy long-experienc’d wit to school.	1820
‘Why, Collatine, is woe the cure for woe?
Do wounds help wounds, or grief help grievous deeds?
Is it revenge to give thyself a blow
For his foul act by whom thy fair wife bleeds?
Such childish humour from weak minds proceeds:	1825
Thy wretched wife mistook the matter so,
To slay herself, that should have slain her foe.
‘Courageous Roman, do not steep thy heart
In such relenting dew of lamentations;
But kneel with me and help to bear thy part,	1830
To rouse our Roman gods with invocations,
That they will suffer these abominations,
Since Rome herself in them doth stand disgrac’d,
By our strong arms from forth her fair streets chas’d.
‘Now, by the Capitol that we adore,	1835
And by this chaste blood so unjustly stain’d,
By heaven’s fair sun that breeds the fat earth’s store,
By all our country rights in Rome maintain’d,
And by chaste Lucrece’ soul, that late complain’d
Her wrongs to us, and by this bloody knife,	1840
We will revenge the death of this true wife.’
This said, he struck his hand upon his breast,
And kiss’d the fatal knife to end his vow;
And to his protestation urg’d the rest,
Who, wondering at him, did his words allow:	1845
Then jointly to the ground their knees they bow;
And that deep vow, which Brutus made before,
He doth again repeat, and that they swore.
When they had sworn to this advised doom,
They did conclude to bear dead Lucrece thence;	1850
To show her bleeding body thorough Rome,
And so to publish Tarquin’s foul offence:
Which being done with speedy diligence,
The Romans plausibly did give consent
To Tarquin’s everlasting banishment.	1855

Metastability of the Relativity of the Micro and Macrocosmic Dynamics

The principle of noetic dynamic reflection as encapsulated for example in the dialogues of Plato, underlies all fruitful scientific work. As Percy Shelley so forcefully states the poetic aesthetic overtakes whatever shortcomings the poet as mere mortal possesses. Both in science and art the endeavor to bequeath to humanity truth and beauty entails recreation of certain universal methods of action in their respective domains.

Thus it is with two recent provocative scientific reports. One by Konstantin Batygin concerns the reformulation of the Schrodinger quantum wave function as it applies to galactic dynamics. This coherence of the infinitesimal with the at least very large if not infinite, is what the towering Renaissance figure Nicolas of Cusa established as the dynamic relativity of the macrocosm and microcosm. It is further what Leibniz reestablished in his Monadology. And it is the principle that Riemann furthered , and that Einstein relied upon, in his Hypotheses.

The second paper deals with metastability of the quantum gas state.  As the authors correctly note such metastable cum avalanche states are ubiquitous in nature. In keeping with the metaphor with which I opened this discussion both of the papers taken together are evidence that a method of higher hypothesis is by necessity inherent in scientific inquiry. Further, it is the basis not only for the human economy, as LaRouche has shown, but all potentially successful human enterprise on any sort. For are not we as a species, as it were, precisely always in such a metastable state of affairs as Heraclides so wonderfully noted?

Re: Donald Trump v. the Spooks

Lest this article leads one to believe that it is anything but pestilent Anglophilia that infects the U.S. body politic, consider that FDR told Winston Churchill that the US wouldn't put up with colonial methods after WWII. Next remember Churchill's Iron Curtain speech and the call from that "peacenik" Bertrand Russell to launch a nuclear first strike against Russia before they proved to have nuclear weapons. Today, the neocons hawks and "humanitarian interventions" doves are nothing more than shills for imperial economics of the very same colonial oligarchs that control finances and resources. If the U.S. was ever to break from their oligarchic and rancid geopolitics via establishing a new financial order for cooperation with Russia and China investing in large scale infrastructure the rotten derivative house of cards of the likes of HSBC and Chase Manhattan would be no more.

Twitter Marginalia

Re: Information engine operates with nearly perfect efficiency

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Ha. This type of energy efficiency reminds me of the snow that has been on my neighbors' rooftop solar cells for the past several days... Fallacy of composition obvious to all but the purblind. The second law is truly overcome with the nonlinear advancement in this series of technological advancements: wood burning, coal, oil and natural gas, nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, matter- anti matter reactions... yet to be determined. In other words human creativity breaks the bounds of entropy. But this is not mere passive information.

Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2018-01-efficiency.html#jCp

Re: New Year Greeting by Helga Zepp-LaRouche (2018)

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As we know the "casino economy" takes fictitious monetary values as real in which stock markets and "full employment" are the chips won at the roulette wheel. (Vast estates and golf courses are the outward trappings of this sort of nominal success.) This is one great vulnerability of Trump & co.: the lack of understanding that economics is not a "zero sum game," albeit with some few good impulses but limited like the space program and mild infrastructure program.

The other major vulnerability: the quagmire of Mideast "great game" run as a catspaw by the Deep State/London/Wall St "axis of evil" to suffocate any tendency for Trump to truly escape geopolitics. (With a dose of North Korea "yellow peril" on the side.) Add to that the Ukrainian arms deal engineered by the Republican neo-cons like Lindsey Graham and we have a Trump presidency being hacked to death by a thousand cuts.

Perhaps the only hope is that the Deep State has so over played their hand in their transparently vicious campaign to take down Trump's naive recognition that the United States should not be entangled in endless "humanitarian" wars that the world will come out the other side in spite of all these salient deficiencies. Now that would be a happy new year.

Re: How chromosomes 'cheat' for the chance to get into an egg

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Finding evidence for a kind of choice among centromeres at this functional resolution is indicative of a condition of asymmetry inherent in the biosphere itself. In fact, asymmetry is a crucial property throughout all three domains that the Ukrainian scientist Vladimir Vernadsky identified: the Lithosphere, Biosphere, and Noosphere.

Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2017-11-chromosomes-chance-egg.html#jCp

Re: Harvey Weinstein, Hollywood’s Oldest Horror

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It's not just Hollywood, it's the supposed liberal counterculture. Take the 60s rock songs like the Rolling Stones "Under My thumb" or Beatles "Run for Your Life" & today's Rap "lyrics." This ain't freedom they are celebrating, it's all leftist toxic BS. 
It is part and parcel of a "little me" attitude against promoting an intellectual mission for society such as the space program. Go back to "turn on, tune in, drop out" MK-Ultra CIA Congress of Cultural Freedom and you have the agenda of the would be liberal elite.

Re: Researchers uncover our brain's filing system for storing experiences

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The conceptional organization of mental processes is embedded in one's particular worldview, for better or worse. Physical correlatives of such orderings by necessity arise from that same organization except in the case of traumatic injury or disease.

The Deliberate Destruction of Rationality

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The CIA projects called The Congress of Cultural Freedom created modern art as worship of the irrational. MKULTRA popularized LSD. We are witnessing now a world driven mad through the manipulations of evil geopolitics. China had it's cultural revolution, yet it is now leading the world toward a rational alternative economic development policy called One Belt One Road. If the US is to survive we will join.

Re: SpaceX's Musk unveils plan to reach Mars by 2022

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Moon and Mars colonization which is shown now to be feasible in lava tubes that are shielded from radiation will be accomplished only as part of a new international monetary system replacing the trillions of dollars in uncollectable exotic "derivatives" debt instruments created by the City of London and Wall Street. Only then may nations come together in a concerted effort for space colonization and fusion energy rocket engines and power production. This new system would include financing for other grand projects such as maglev rails, water diversion, desalination and flood control.

Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2017-09-spacex-musk-unveils-mars.html#jCp

Re: Stephen Hawking Now A Doomsday Prophet

---

This proves Hawking is as crazy as ... well... his ego ideal: Isaac Newton. Sir Isaac predicted from his studies of numerology he imagined were hidden in the Bible that the world would end in the Apocalypse in 2060... You cannot make this stuff up. Are they all demented?

http://thingumbobesquire.blogspot.com/2012/01/newtons-alchemy-apologists-unmasked.html

Re: New model reveals possibility of pumping antibiotics into bacteria

---

An excellent example of a research breakthrough that exhibits that the essence of hypothesis formulation is deliberately and systematically the challenge of previously accepted assumptions: "I'm actually going to teach this paper in our intro graduate course because it's such a good story of how having a model in your head can limit your thinking and experiments and you really miss important things." Contrary to Newton's silly "Hypothesis non fingo."

Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2017-11-reveals-possibility-antibiotics-bacteria.html#jCp

Re: Entanglement is an inevitable feature of reality

---

A further corollary of this theory would be that since from the retrodictive classical standpoint quantum non local entanglement necessarily infers irrationality, all non classical theories must be irrational. (Like belief in Einsteinian spooks for example.) Therefore these eminent theorists are as nuts as the day is long, QED, nincompoopis. See Jonathan Swift'S tale of Laputa for an almost clairvoyant summary of the situation.

Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2017-09-entanglement-inevitable-feature-reality.html#jCp

Re: Galaxy clusters offer clues to dark matter and dark energy

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The most powerful force in the universe is not entropy. It is not even a purely physical force... It is the uniquely human creative drive to do the good for the benefit of unborn generations.This is why "artificial intelligence' is a fraud and why humanity must revolutionize its practice to continuously inhabit and conquer "outer space."

Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2017-08-galaxy-clusters-clues-dark-energy.html#jCp

Re: Scientists crack mystery of the luckless apostles of Paris

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The anarchy of the sans culottes also targeted science in France (many of whom were collaborators of Benjamin Franklin) as well as the hero of the American revolution General LaFayette. As Friedrich Schiller wrote a great moment had met a small people.


Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2017-08-scientists-mystery-luckless-apostles-paris.html#jCp

Re: Optimization for self-production may explain mysterious features of the ribo

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This study falls in line with the classical principle of biospheric optimization and growth that living systems taken as a whole exhibit the quality of least action for maximum development potential.

Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2017-07-optimization-self-production-mysterious-features-ribosome.html#jCp

Re: Vortex photons from electrons in circular motion

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This vortex photon phenomenon is characteristic of propagation of a rotational shock wave field as opposed to spherical radiation. http://thingumbob...toroidal

Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2017-07-vortex-photons-electrons-circular-motion.html#jCp

Re: Epigenetics between the generations

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See Leibniz' theory of pre-established harmony. There are different modes of this dynamic harmony for each of the following domains as defined by Vernadsky: lithosphere, biosphere or noosphere. Although for the noosphere, i.e. the realm of human creative cognition, harmony with the other inter-related spheres depends upon scientific and artistic progress or development. This is entirely willful activity unlike in the other two.

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-07-epigenetics-inherit-genes.html?utm_source=nwletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=daily-nwletter

Re: Adventures in acoustic cosmology

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Contrary to this line of thinking, classical music has already achieved a harmony, if you will, between music and science. But the link is the biophysics of the human singing voice and well tempered tuning. The registers of the voice are the basis for the musical scales and keys for classical composition. The epitome of this relationship appears in the works of J.S. Bach. Musical instrumentation extends and enhances this lawful interrelationship. This was furthered by the compositions of Mozart, Beethoven and Brahms and their epigones. 

In the mid to late nineteenth and twentieth centuries arbitrary melodic chromaticism and defiance of this lawfulness began to hold sway with such anti-well tempored inventions as the twelve tone row. However, this does not negate the true science of well tempering.


Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2017-07-adventures-acoustic-cosmology.html#jCp

Re: Newly-discovered plant enzymes open the door to novel compound production

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"It looks as though plants have independently arrived at their own way of making these molecules; they have 'worked it out for themselves'."

Excellent example of parallel vectored evolution as opposed to Darwinian random mutation. There exists a natural and necessary harmonic dynamism that Leibniz called pre-established harmony.

https://phys.org/news/2017-07-newly-discovered-enzymes-door-compound-production.html

Re: Vladimir Putin: A Suitor Spurned

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"It’s a view with which I very much concur: American imperialism is an aberration, a radical deviation from the course set for us by the Founders of this country, and completely out of character for the overwhelming majority of the American people, who just want to live in peace."

The reality is that the United States constitution was created to the end of making economically possible vast "internal improvements" by the faction associated with Alexander Hamilton, who was at loggerheads with the pro slavery expansionist and pro sans culotte faction of Thomas Jefferson. It was necessary to prevent the British Empire imperialism from successfully taking America back due to the lack of such an economic mission under the Articles of Confederation.

The geopolitical "great game" has always been to "turn" the United States into the enforcer of a rotting financial empire based upon loot. We have been engaged in "continuous wars" due to the Anglophilic "Eastern Establishment's" grip on both political parties starting with Korea, Viet Nam, Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, etc.

27th Jun 2017 - Re: One billion suns: World's brightest laser sparks new behavior in light

This type of research is precisely what should be promoted as propelling breakthroughs in science. I.e., extreme conditions in the physical space-time manifold bring about anomalous behavior that can be applied to greater control over such processes thus benefiting humanity. That should always clarify an essential path for development.

Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2017-06-billion-suns-world-brightest-laser.html#jCp

Re: Neuron transistor behaves like a brain neuron

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'The human brain has tens of billions of neurons, and they are constantly performing weighted summation and threshold functions many times per second that together control all of our thoughts and actions.' 

This statement is, of course, sententious nonsense, but unfortunately par for the course in the domain of "the brain is a computer" idiocy.



https://phys.org/news/2017-06-neuron-transistor-brain.html?utm_source=nwletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=daily-nwletter

Re: Maureen Dowd -- "Comey and Trump, the G-Man vs. the Mob Boss"

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Ha! What unmitigated gall. The Russians "hacking" the US election is a serious "matter?" You are aware Ms. Dowd that the George "Open" Soros State Department spent billions on hacking elections in the name of democracy all over the globe? But that is perfectly fine of course because to paraphrase Richard Nixon- when the US does it it is democracy...

Re: Humans rely more on 'inferred' visual objects than 'real' ones

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This is reminiscent of the geometry conformal mapping that was perfected by Gauss and his collaborators in the 19th century. The human brain is designed for this species of mapping in its unique geometry. All this chatter about information is really a trendy computer program comparison that is unfortunately viral these days.

Read more at: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-05-humans-inferred-visual-real.html#jCp

Reimann vs. Connectionist Nonsense

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Sigh... Another tired connectionist type model. The real mathematics that is germane here is Riemann surfaces whereby a protein may function as a singular branch-point to a surface function upon an N dimensional manifold: http://thingumbob...fic.html

Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2017-03-math-bodiesand-diseases.html#jCp

"The bottom line is that we have some good ideas (ATLAS, infrared surveys, ESA's all-sky survey), and we just need to spend the money and roll these out. But to find the smallest objects — 30 to 50 meters in size — we are talking of the order of a billion dollars to do it right," said Timothy Spahr, director of the Minor Planet Center at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in Cambridge, Mass.

Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2013-02-tycoon-couple-mars.html#jCp

Oligarchies and tyrants have dreamed of this kind of control for centuries on end. And now we are supposed to volunteer to submit to shackles of the irrational and excessive whims of the crowd. The whole reason that we are not a "pure" democracy but rather a constitutional democratic republic is virtually unknown to so called techies... 
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324503204578318462215991802.html?mod=WSJ_article_comments&cb=logged0.4196033328771591#articleTabs=comments

Subjecting humans to cosmic rays' deleterious effects, etc. of a prolonged trip to Mars via chemical propulsion is unnecessary cruel and unusual punishment. Better to revive Project Orion with fusion propulsion and solve the shielding problem for astronauts first. In the meantime, so far as I have heard, robots usually don't complain about being pinged a bit on the slow slog to Mars.

http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2415783,00.asp

Very good, but incomplete. Correct as to Hamilton and Lincoln. What you have left out is the machinations of Wall St speculators in collusion with the slave states. Aaron Burr, who fraudulently founded the Bank of Manhattan schooled Andrew Jackson's controller Martin Van Buren's Democrats in taking down the Bank of the United States founded by Hamilton.

This was done by populist appeals against big banks. See the writings of John Quincy Adams for details.

Today's derivatives speculators have formed a similar alliance with so called Democrats like Obama and Geithner to protect themselves as too big to fail when they are obviously otherwise hopelessly bankrupt. So these facilitators have spent literally trillions to bail out Wall St, all the while making believe they are for the little guy.
http://www.salon.com/2013/02/19/southern_poverty_pimps/

"Rock philosopher Tom Petty" ?? This is the most laughable characterization I have seen for quite some time. So I suppose the rest of the article is equally tongue in cheek, though I really don't have the intestinal fortitude to read it as I might easily split a gut...
http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/who-had-the-worst-week-in-washington-defense-secretary-nominee-chuck-hagel/2013/02/15/e011fd2e-7795-11e2-95e4-6148e45d7adb_allComments.html?ctab=all_&

Attention span (and attention directedness) is determined by factors that are outside the realm of biophysics per se. These factors have to do with cognitive resonance with idea content. This is what fundamentally differentiates mere physical brain functions from the culturally determined category of mind. In this regard, attention can be maintained on appropriately defined subject matter across generations.

Read more at: http://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-02-memories-brain-streaks-individual-behaviour.html#jCp

http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-01-27/the-fed-is-more-out-of-it-than-you-thought-it-was.html " And restoring basic accountability is hard when the financial system is seen as too fragile to tolerate criminal investigations of banks, as with HSBC Holdings Plc (HSBA) avoiding criminal charges for drug-cartel money laundering because of the bank’s too-big-to-fail status." 

So I guess the logic here goes something like this: "the condition of the godfather is fragile and yous guys need to keep him on life support for your own good...Or else!"

We are currently striving to establish the means to prevent collisions with comets, etc. But this type of potential event (and worse,) rare though it is, certainly would seem to merit some consideration regarding safeguarding life.

Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2013-01-8th-century-gamma-ray-irradiated.html#jCp

Unless we have inertial confinement fusion propulsion and shielding from cosmic rays, a manned mission to Mars is simply nonsensical and inhumane.

Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2013-01-simulated-mission-mars-success-hinges.html#jCp

Re: Less life: Limited phosphorus recycling suppressed early Earth's biosphere

The recent work "Biomass recycling and Earth’s early phosphorus cycle" is precisely correct. The throughput energy density of phosphorus in the biosphere directly effects the potential for ATP synthase, the molecular engine of life, to power evolution. This energy density throughput (as identified by Lyndon LaRouche and co-thinkers, myself included) is the critical component for human economic activity as well. The difference is that for the human economy the measure of energy density throughput is of a higher Cantorian transfinite order that subsumes previous technologies. For example, energy derived from wood burning subsumed by coal, then oil, natural gas, nuclear fission. The next step in this sequence is nuclear fusion, and beyond that matter-anti-matter reactions.

On the down side we have the entropic philosophy of the doomsayers "green" agenda. It assumes falsely that that is only so much stuff on our planet so therefore we must "invest" in "renewables." This is mad and criminally so. It is relegating future generations to increasing levels of poverty both economically and culturally. Thus we have today's opioid addiction crisis. 

The principle of Cantorian transfinite subsumption goes back to Nicholas of Cusa and his collaborators in the Florentine renaissance (which Cantor readily admitted.) However, the foundation of this quality of noesis can be found in Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy. If good reader you will overcome your silly adopted "modernist" assumptions about the separation of left brain/right brain hermetically distinct categories of science versus art, then you will conceive that great poetry going back to Plato's dialogues is science. And as Dante quite rightly demonstrated that even in the very uttermost depths of hell such as we have ravaging our society there always exists an ordered pathway out of that hideous cave toward the light. This is the pre-established dynamic harmony Leibniz propounded. 

Contrary to the childish science fiction epigones of H.G. Wells, the "space age" by necessity, as Ibn Sina so succinctly argued in his proof of the "Necessary Existent," is the common ennobling destiny of humanity. Only then will we put away our infantile playthings of yesteryear and enter into a new self reflective transfinite domain of that which Dante and Cusa profoundly depicted as the Vision of God.

Update: this excellent research shows the unique role of fungi in producing soluble phosphorus and compares differing possible rates of its throughput. 

The birth of a new protein and the genius of Leibniz

Here is a remarkable insight from one of the authors of the paper "Foldability of a Natural De Novo Evolved Protein": "Not having emerged as this glorious work of art makes it more believable that these protein-coding genes are popping up out of the genetic region between genes," Cordes said. "I want to know where things come from in life - how life creates novelty, how evolution creates novelty."

Add this innate creative capacity to Leibniz' perspective of lower monads without windows upon the universe. At that point you have something that is very much like artistic composition where apparently fixed elements of musical intervals or rhythmic versification allow an infinite array of potential de novo experiments establishing harmony. This is what Leibniz meant by pre-established harmony as the best of all possible worlds.





Possible shapes for the yeast protein Bsc4 that the computer algorithm QUARK predicted using only the protein’s amino acid sequences. (Image: Matthew Cordes, using UCSF Chimera molecular graphics package)

Kepler's Method is Alive and Well

The situation with dark matter and dark energy that astronomy confronts today is eerily reminiscent of Ptolemaic epicycles. Upon founding the mission for the moon at NASA John Kennedy remarked "The greater our knowledge increases, the greater our ignorance unfolds."

What was the method that allowed Kepler to overcome the roadblock along the pathway toward resolution of the ordering of planetary orbits? He pronounced that method openly and forthrightly. The principle of the universal composition must be comprehensible to humanity. That is, there must be a higher order that would allow coherence to seemingly random pathways that celestial bodies take. At first he envisioned an ordering subsumed by the geometrical system of embedded regular Platonic solids. This bold hypothesis derives from Kepler's insistence that any planetary order must not be algebraic but constructive. Which is to say that the scheme of the composition of the universe could not be merely arbitrary but by necessity must be well reasoned. 

The harmonic elliptical function that Kepler next hypothesized also adumbrated the very same idea of a lawful higher ordering subsuming universal motion of matter. For elliptical conic sections are geometrically projective. In its own way this elliptical principle is a type of relativity. And it is no coincidence that the same method of strictly basing any hypothesis upon geometrical analysis in fact did underlie Einstein's breakthroughs. The four dimensional complex geometry that Einstein utilized was made possible by Gauss and Riemann's advancements. 

Firstly, Gauss resolved the whole matter of apparent universal cyclical randomness with his grand opus on higher arithmetic. Which is to say that at the granular level of comparative relative celestial motion a higher principle of cyclic remainders or higher arithmetic  is necessary by the very composition of substance. 

Next Riemann boldly established whole new types of geometrical projection in his dissertation on the hypotheses underlying the foundations of geometry and in his work on pressure shock waves. First Riemann showed that dimensionality was analogically projective from n + 1 dimensions to n dimensions.  This allowed Einstein to suppose that time itself was quasi dimensional as the fourth dimension. (As I showed earlier, this assumption in a way was already given birth by Kepler's elliptical principle which itself stood outside of time by subsumption.) Just as importantly for Einstein was Riemann's development of the ordering of universal curvature. (This was foreshadowed also by Gauss as Riemann admitted.) 

Further, it has been my lifelong contention that Riemann's revolutionary reworking of geometry has much more to bequeath to today's scientific problems. His branch point surface function itself  is evidently a coherent pathway toward establishing a biophysical type of ordering. Riemann himself deeply delved into this realm with his paper on the mechanics of the ear. We see in research everywhere that at the very small biophysical order a protein or some other biotic monad or branch point singularity has a manifold of functions completely in line with the sheaves of functional space that Riemann developed. 

In this way, the principle of projective relativity takes another non linear step from the merely inert physical dead matter to the living realm. In the very same way that for instance we witness microtubules functioning communicatively biophysically, may we not hypothesize that intergalactic dust lanes might be a sort of macrotubule for the creation of star systems? It is a question that goes directly back to Kepler's method that instead of the frankly dreadful assumption that mere randomness underlies all motion in physics in the small and large, living systems and noetic systems must subsume from a higher order that which appears to the senses. Or as Kepler would have it, the mind of the Composer of universal substance

Beauty's Secret Snare

What secrets has thou kept these many years
Upon a mountain top in China
Lovely Iris, from humanity's prying eyes?
Though beauty as the dawn's sweet light does bathe
Your winsome hues in rainbow petals grace:
Sweet sacrifice of nectar
You now make with measured guile.
For rudely mating sawflies
Entranced to merely dine
Yet leave untouched both stigma and stamen
For the sake of your flower progeny
That yet will delight with blues and purples
Up in the rarefied heights
New generations of friend and foe alike.

By Kogo (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 

(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons

The Universal Relative Process of Becoming

Nicholas of Cusa over half a millennium ago propounded a principle that should have governed scientific inquiry to this day. He called it learned ignorance or docta ignorantia. To restate this: the principle is that as humanity discovers successive breakthroughs regarding the organizational constitution of the physical, biophysical and psychological functioning of our universe, we paradoxically discover that we are just as far if not farther from understanding what lies beyond.

This train of thought is based upon a methodology of Platonic dialog. It is a rigorous determination regarding the ontology of the power of the infinite process of becoming. For instance, how can we surmise that if humanity lifts our civilization off this planet we can be confident that we will collectively discover new sources of energy to propel us forward? (A progressive energetic series of fission, fusion, matter-anti-matter, etc.) This is just because we can hypothesize that the potential entirety of human history is concomitant with this very infinite such power. To think otherwise is irrationally absurd.

And yet society has been in the throes of such "thinking" over the ages. The magical belief in the power of a pantheon of immortals who arbitrarily rule over human affairs is unfortunately prevalent in the tide of history to date. It is synonymous with the infantile worship of money for instance: the magic of the marketplace. It is the equivalent of the belief in renewable energy sources as somehow constituting progress rather than regress -- i.e. that there is only so much stuff to go around on this lifeboat earth.

It is nearly miraculous that since we have been imprisoned intellectually by such infantile poppycock that we have somehow not managed to blow our whole planet to smithereens several times over. Which indeed is as close as I can come to an otherwise impossible proof that the continuing process of creation is harmonically composed of what can only be described as a nurturing or loving governance. Never has the choice of mutual development of nations versus destruction been more stark.

Human Brain Surface Topology

If one were to perform a normal conformal mapping of the surface of the human brain to a Gaussian unit sphere, there would be the equivalent of a Riemannian surface function that has a multiplex sheath of sheets. This mapping is on the complex mathematical domain and counts every bit as much for the human brain's quality as the intricate axonal branching that supposedly carry "information." Whatever that is...

Nonlinear discontinuities are the characteristics of substance

The absolute and unbridgeable separation among the realms of the non living, biophysical and human creativity points to the idea that rather than assuming that substance is merely located within those boundaries, substance is rather the movement from one to another.

The paradox of humanity's forever finite yet evolving knowledge of such infinitely powerful sources of universal creation rightfully situates the solution to the current baleful consequences of the false ideologies of geopolitics and limited resources.

For there can be no possible limits to human technological progress which revolutionizes the very definition of what constitutes a resource. The proof of this potential can only be grasped negatively in the same way that the ironic nature of substance is addressed above. While we as a species are constrained to operating within the confines of existing modes of sustenance, it is only when the necessary orientation of discovery permeates our science and art that we truly exhibit our whole and uniquely creative nature.

What Prevents Science from Achieving Accelerated Breakthroughs

The edifice of assumptions regarding the DNA code as the program that is determinate for life is fatally flawed. The reality is that life is of a higher order of transfinite than the non living. Likewise human creative reason is of a higher such order than the domain of lower life forms. The question is why do the vast majority of scientists not know what transfinite ordering is?

Edgar Allan Poe, whence the name of this blog, in his Eureka presaged this lack of epistemological clarity thus:

"Now, my dear friend," continues the letter-writer, "it cannot be maintained that by the crawling system, exclusively adopted, men would arrive at the maximum amount of truth, even in any long series of ages; for the repression of imagination was an evil not to be counterbalanced even by absolute certainty in the snail processes. But their certainty was very far from absolute. The error of our progenitors was quite analogous with that of the wiseacre who fancies he must necessarily see an object the more distinctly, the more closely he holds it to his eyes. They blinded themselves, too, with the impalpable, titillating Scotch snuff of detail; and thus the boasted facts of the Hog-ites were by no means always facts -- a point of little importance but for the assumption that they always were. The vital taint, however, in Baconianism -- its most lamentable fount of error -- lay in its tendency to throw power and consideration into the hands of merely perceptive men -- of those inter-Tritonic minnows, the microscopical savans -- the diggers and pedlers of minute facts, for the most part in physical science -- facts all of which they retailed at the same price upon the highway; their value depending, it was supposed, simply upon the fact of their fact, without reference to their applicability or inapplicability in the development of those ultimate and only legitimate facts, called Law.



"Than the persons" -- the letter goes on to say -- "than the persons thus suddenly elevated by the Hog-ian philosophy into a station for which they were unfitted -- thus transferred from the sculleries into the parlors of Science -- from its pantries into its pulpits -- than these individuals a more intolerant -- a more intolerable set of bigots and tyrants never existed on the face of the earth. Their creed, their text and their sermon were, alike, the one word 'fact' -- but, for the most part, even of this one word, they knew not even the meaning. On those who ventured to disturb their facts with the view of putting them in order and to use, the disciples of Hog had no mercy whatever. All attempts at generalization were met at once by the words 'theoretical,' 'theory,' 'theorist' -- all thought, to be brief, was very properly resented as a personal affront to themselves. Cultivating the natural sciences to the exclusion of Metaphysics, the Mathematics, and Logic, many of these Bacon-engendered philosophers -- one-idead, one-sided and lame of a leg -- were more wretchedly helpless -- more miserably ignorant, in view of all the comprehensible objects of knowledge, than the veriest unlettered hind who proves that he knows something at least, in admitting that he knows absolutely nothing.



"Nor had our forefathers any better right to talk about certainty, when pursuing, in blind confidence, the a priori path of axioms, or of the Ram. At innumerable points this path was scarcely as straight as a ram's-horn. The simple truth is, that the Aristotelians erected their castles upon a basis far less reliable than air; for no such things as axioms ever existed or can possibly exist at all. This they must have been very blind, indeed, not to see, or at least to suspect; for, even in their own day, many of their long-admitted 'axioms' had been abandoned: -- 'ex nihilo nihil fit,' for example, and a 'thing cannot act where it is not,' and 'there cannot be antipodes,' and 'darkness cannot proceed from light.' These and numerous similar propositions formerly accepted, without hesitation, as axioms, or undeniable truths, were, even at the period of which I speak, seen to be altogether untenable: -- how absurd in these people, then, to persist in relying upon a basis, as immutable, whose mutability had become so repeatedly manifest!



"But, even through evidence afforded by themselves against themselves, it is easy to convict these a priori reasoners of the grossest unreason -- it is easy to show the futility -- the impalpability of their axioms in general. I have now lying before me" -- it will be observed that we still proceed with the letter -- "I have now lying before me a book printed about a thousand years ago. Pundit assures me that it is decidedly the cleverest ancient work on its topic, which is 'Logic.' The author, who was much esteemed in his day, was one Miller or Mill; and we find it recorded of him, as a point of some importance, that he rode a mill-horse whom he called Jeremy Bentham: -- but let us glance at the volume itself!



"Ah! -- 'Ability or inability to conceive,' says Mr. Mill very properly, 'is in no case to be received as a criterion of axiomatic truth.' Now, that this is a palpable truism no one in his senses will deny. Not to admit the proposition, is to insinuate a charge of variability in Truth itself, whose very title is a synonym of the Steadfast. If ability to conceive be taken as a criterion of Truth, then a truth to David Hume would very seldom be a truth to Joe; and ninety-nine hundredths of what is undeniable in Heaven would be demonstrable falsity upon Earth. The proposition of Mr. Mill, then, is sustained. I will not grant it to be an axiom; and this merely because I am showing that no axioms exist; but, with a distinction which could not have been cavilled at even by Mr. Mill himself, I am ready to grant that, if an axiom there be, then the proposition of which we speak has the fullest right to be considered an axiom -- that no more absolute axiom is -- and, consequently, that any subsequent proposition which shall conflict with this one primarily advanced, must be either a falsity in itself -- that is to say no axiom -- or, if admitted axiomatic, must at once neutralize both itself and its predecessor.



"And now, by the logic of their own propounder, let us proceed to test any one of the axioms propounded. Let us give Mr. Mill the fairest of play. We will bring the point to no ordinary issue. We will select for investigation no common-place axiom -- no axiom of what, not the less preposterously because only impliedly, he terms his secondary class -- as if a positive truth by definition could be either more or less positively a truth: -- we will select, I say, no axiom of an unquestionability so questionable as is to be found in Euclid. We will not talk, for example, about such propositions as that two straight lines cannot enclose a space, or that the whole is greater than any one of its parts. We will afford the logician every advantage. We will come at once to a proposition which he regards as the acme of the unquestionable -- as the quintessence of axiomatic undeniability. Here it is: -- 'Contradictions cannot both be true -- that is, cannot coexist in nature.' Here Mr. Mill means, for instance, -- and I give the most forcible instance conceivable -- that a tree must be either a tree or not a tree -- that it cannot be at the same time a tree and not a tree: -- all which is quite reasonable of itself and will answer remarkably well as an axiom, until we bring it into collation with an axiom insisted upon a few pages before -- in other words -- words which I have previously employed -- until we test it by the logic of its own propounder. 'A tree,' Mr. Mill asserts, 'must be either a tree or not a tree.' Very well: -- and now let me ask him, why. To this little query there is but one response: -- I defy any man living to invent a second. The sole answer is this: -- 'Because we find it impossible to conceive that a tree can be anything else than a tree or not a tree.' This, I repeat, is Mr. Mill's sole answer: -- he will not pretend to suggest another: -- and yet, by his own showing, his answer is clearly no answer at all; for has he not already required us to admit, as an axiom, that ability or inability to conceive is in no case to be taken as a criterion of axiomatic truth? Thus all -- absolutely his argumentation is at sea without a rudder. Let it not be urged that an exception from the general rule is to be made, in cases where the 'impossibility to conceive' is so peculiarly great as when we are called upon to conceive a tree both a tree and not a tree. Let no attempt, I say, be made at urging this sotticism; for, in the first place, there are no degrees of 'impossibility,' and thus no one impossible conception can be more peculiarly impossible than another impossible conception: -- in the second place, Mr. Mill himself, no doubt after thorough deliberation, has most distinctly, and most rationally, excluded all opportunity for exception, by the emphasis of his proposition, that, in no case, is ability or inability to conceive, to be taken as a criterion of axiomatic truth: -- in the third place, even were exceptions admissible at all, it remains to be shown how any exception is admissible here. That a tree can be both a tree and not a tree, is an idea which the angels, or the devils, may entertain, and which no doubt many an earthly Bedlamite, or Transcendentalist, does.



"Now I do not quarrel with these ancients," continues the letter-writer, "so much on account of the transparent frivolity of their logic -- which, to be plain, was baseless, worthless and fantastic altogether -- as on account of their pompous and infatuate proscription of all other roads to Truth than the two narrow and crooked paths -- the one of creeping and the other of crawling -- to which, in their ignorant perversity, they have dared to confine the Soul -- the Soul which loves nothing so well as to soar in those regions of illimitable intuition which are utterly incognizant of 'path.'



"By the bye, my dear friend, is it not an evidence of the mental slavery entailed upon those bigoted people by their Hogs and Rams, that in spite of the eternal prating of their savans about roads to Truth, none of them fell, even by accident, into what we now so distinctly perceive to be the broadest, the straightest and most available of all mere roads -- the great thoroughfare -- the majestic highway of the Consistent? Is it not wonderful that they should have failed to deduce from the works of God the vitally momentous consideration that a perfect consistency can be nothing but an absolute truth? How plain -- how rapid our progress since the late announcement of this proposition! By its means, investigation has been taken out of the hands of the ground-moles, and given as a duty, rather than as a task, to the true -- to the only true thinkers -- to the generally-educated men of ardent imagination. These latter -- our Keplers -- our Laplaces -- 'speculate' -- 'theorize' -- these are the terms -- can you not fancy the shout of scorn with which they would be received by our progenitors, were it possible for them to be looking over my shoulders as I write? The Keplers, I repeat, speculate -- theorize -- and their theories are merely corrected -- reduced -- sifted -- cleared, little by little, of their chaff of inconsistency -- until at length there stands apparent an unencumbered Consistency -- a consistency which the most stolid admit -- because it is a consistency -- to be an absolute and unquestionable Truth.



"I have often thought, my friend, that it must have puzzled these dogmaticians of a thousand years ago, to determine, even, by which of their two boasted roads it is that the cryptographist attains the solution of the more complicated cyphers -- or by which of them Champollion guided mankind to those important and innumerable truths which, for so many centuries, have lain entombed amid the phonetical hieroglyphics of Egypt. In especial, would it not have given these bigots some trouble to determine by which of their two roads was reached the most momentous and sublime of their truths -- the truth -- the fact of gravitation? Newton deduced it from the laws of Kepler. Kepler admitted that these laws he guessed -- these laws whose investigation disclosed to the greatest of British astronomers that principle, the basis of all (existing) physical principle, in going behind which we enter at once the nebulous kingdom of Metaphysics. Yes! -- these vital laws Kepler guessed -- that it is to say, he imagined them. Had he been asked to point out either the de ductive or in ductive route by which he attained them, his reply might have been -- 'I know nothing about routes -- but I do know the machinery of the Universe. Here it is. I grasped it with my soul -- I reached it through mere dint of intuition.' Alas, poor ignorant old man! Could not any metaphysician have told him that what he called 'intuition' was but the conviction resulting from de ductions or in ductions of which the processes were so shadowy as to have escaped his consciousness, eluded his reason, or bidden defiance to his capacity of expression? How great a pity it is that some 'moral philosopher' had not enlightened him about all this! How it would have comforted him on his death-bed to know that, instead of having gone intuitively and thus unbecomingly, he had, in fact, proceeded decorously and legitimately -- that is to say Hog-ishly, or at least Ram-ishly -- into the vast halls where lay gleaming, untended, and hitherto untouched by mortal hand -- unseen by mortal eye -- the imperishable and priceless secrets of the Universe!



"Yes, Kepler was essentially a theorist; but this title, now of so much sanctity, was, in those ancient days, a designation of supreme contempt. It is only now that men begin to appreciate that divine old man -- to sympathize with the prophetical and poetical rhapsody of his ever-memorable words. For my part," continues the unknown correspondent, "I glow with a sacred fire when I even think of them, and feel that I shall never grow weary of their repetition: -- in concluding this letter, let me have the real pleasure of transcribing them once again: -- 'I care not whether my work be read now or by posterity. I can afford to wait a century for readers when God himself has waited six thousand years for an observer. I triumph. I have stolen the golden secret of the Egyptians. I will indulge my sacred fury.'"

Leibniz and Einstein: an Equation of Sorts

To wit: Leibniz' revolution was f=ma and he wrote the Theodicy. Einstein's revolution was e=mc2 and he wrote that God doesn't play dice.


Thus does genius operate as a force upon history via hypothesis of the continuing order of creation with humanity at its summit.

Life After Death: A reflection upon the issue of brain death.

Human creative thought generates an infinite array of potential for the continued development of civilization. These waves involved are quite real. Indeed, the most powerful dialogues of this type are in perpetual synchronicity with the totality of human history, past and future.

The Test for Religion

Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa in his On Learned Ignorance and Cotton Mather in his Biblia Americana each in their own way exemplify how religion can cohere and promote scientific progress. There exists a gulf between that type of Christian humanism and let us say the so called low church.

The same is true for virtually all religion. Take the Baghdad caliphate of Harun al-Rashid for instance. The development of transmission of the works of Plato, in particular his republic, as the basis of leadership by an imam parallels Cotton Mather's axiomatic approach to governance that inspired Benjamin Franklin: to do the good.

A great mission for society is necessary to uplift its vision beyond the here and now. That mission is in our stars so to speak. The ugliness of pessimism that has been virtually worshiped by so called intellectual elites in the western world for the course of the last two centuries must be overcome. There is no other path forward. People of good will are everywhere the same. That orientation is the basis for an end to the evil of geopolitics.

The future holds such a kernel for hope. Let it's universal anthem be Beethoven and Schiller's Ode to Joy.